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Medical Terminology > Chapter 22: Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Drug schedule 1

A

Not considered to be legitimate for medical use in the United States

Used for research only

Cannot be prescribed, having a high risk for abuse

Examples: LSD, heroin, marijuana

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2
Q

Drug schedule 2

A

Accepted medical use but have a high potential for abuse or addiction

Must be ordered by written prescription

Cannot be refilled without a new, written prescription

Examples: morphine, cocaine, oxycodone, Demerol, dilaudid

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3
Q

Drug schedule 3

A

Moderate potential for abuse or addiction and low potential for physical dependence

Ordered by written prescription or by telephone order

Expires in 6 months

May not be refilled move than five times in a 6 -month period

Examples: tylend with codeine, Vicodin, hycodan

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4
Q

Drug schedule 4

A

Have less potential for abuse or addiction than those of schedule 3, with limited physical dependence

May be ordered by written prescription or by telephone order

May be refilled up to 5 times over a 6 -month period

Expires in 6 months

Example: Xanax, Valium, darvon, ambien, soma

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5
Q

Drug schedule 5

A

Small potential for abuse or addiction

Ordered by written prescription or by telephone order

No limit on prescription refills

Some of these drugs may not need a prescription

Examples: robitussin A-C, lyrica, lomotil

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6
Q

Adverse reaction

A

The body’s reaction to a drug in an unexpected way that may endanger a patient’s health and safety

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7
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

A life-threating, hypersensitive reaction to food or drugs

The patient experiences verpiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, cool pale skin, cyanosis, and possibly convulsions shortly after administration of the medication

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8
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Stopping or controlling the growth of bacteria

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9
Q

Bacteri/o

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

Static

A

Stopping or controlling

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11
Q

Brand name

A

The name under which the drug is sold by a specific manufacturer

Name is owned by the manufacturer, and no other company may use that name

Each brand name carries a registered trademark symbol

Trade name

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12
Q

Buccal medication

A

Medication placed in the mouth next to the cheek, where it is absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the mouth

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13
Q

Bucc/o

A

Check

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14
Q

-Al

A

Pertaining to

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15
Q

Chemical name

A

Description of the chemical structure of the drug

It is listed in the hospital formulary along with the chemical formula diagram

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16
Q

Chemotherapy

A

The treatment of diseases by using drugs that have a specific deadly effect on disease-causing microorganisms

These drugs are used in the treatment of certain infections and cancer

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17
Q

Chem/o

A

Pertaining to a chemical, drug

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18
Q

-Therapy

A

Treatment

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19
Q

Contraindication

A

Any special symptom or circumstance that indicates that the use of a particular drug or procedure is dangerous, not advised, or has not been proven safe for administration

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20
Q

Controlled substances

A

Drugs that have a potential for abuse

These drugs are placed into five categories, ranging from schedule 1 drugs (which are the most dangerous and most likely to be abused) to schedule 5 drugs, which are the least dangerous and least likely to be abused

Schedule drugs

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21
Q

Controlled substances act

A

The federal law concerned with the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances

These drugs have the potential of being abused and of causing physical or psychological dependence

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22
Q

cumulation

A

That a drug level begins to accumulate in the body with repeated doses because the any is not completely excreted from the body before another dose is administered

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23
Q

Desired effect

A

The effect that was intended; that is, if the drug lowered the blood pressure as was intended, the desired effect was achieved

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24
Q

Drug

A

Any substance that when taken into the body may modify one or more of its functions

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25
Drug action
Describes how a drug produces changes within the body
26
Drug effect
Describes the change that takes place in the body as a result of the drug action
27
Drug enforcement administration
The government agency responsible for administering and enforcing the controlled substances act
28
Drug facts and comparisons
A reference book for health care professionals that provides information on drugs according to their therapeutic classifications Compares the various drugs within each category with other products
29
First dose
Initial dose
30
First-dose effect
An undesired effect of a medication that occurs within 30 to 90 minutes after administration of the first dose
31
Food and drug administration
The government agency responsible for administering and enforcing the food, drug, and cosmetic act within the United States
32
Food, drug, and cosmetic act
A law that regulates the quality, purity, potency, effectiveness, safety, labeling, and packaging food, drugs, and cosmetic products
33
Generic name
The name established when the drug is first manufactured Name is protected for use by only the original manufacturer for a period of 17 years After that time, the name of the drug becomes public property and can be used by any manufacturer
34
Hospital formulary
A reference book that lists all of the drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy Provides information about the characteristics of drugs and their clinical usage
35
Hypotension
Low blood pressure Less than normal blood pressure
36
Hypo-
Under, below, beneath, less than normal
37
Tens/o
Strain
38
-ion
Action Process
39
Idiosyncrasy
An unusual, inappropriate response to a drug or to the usual effective dose of the drug Reaction can be life threatening
40
Inhalation medication
Medication is sprayed or breathed into the nose, throat, and lungs Absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the nose and throat and by the alveoli of the lungs
41
Initial dose
The first dose of medication
42
Intradermal medication
Medication inserted just beneath the epidermis, using a syringe and needle
43
Intra-
Within
44
Derm/o
Skin
45
-Al
Pertaining to
46
Intramuscular medication
Medication injected directly into the muscle
47
Muscul/o
Muscle
48
Intravenous medication
Medication injected directly into the vein, entering the blood stream immediately
49
Ven/o
Vein
50
-Ous
Pertaining to
51
Local effect
A response (to a medication) confined to a specific part of the body
52
Maintenance dose
The dose of a medication that will keep the concentration of the medication in the bloodstream at the desired level
53
Official name
Generic name
54
Over the counter (OTC)
Medication available without a prescription
55
Package insert
An information leaflet placed inside the container or package of prescription drugs The FDA requires that the drug generic name, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, dosage, and route of administration be described in the leaflet
56
Parenteral medication
Any route of administration not involving the gastrointestinal tract, for example topical, inhalation, or injection
57
Pharmacist
One who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs
58
Pharmac/o
Drug, medicine
59
-ist
Practitioner
60
Pharmacodynamics
The study of how drugs interact in the human body
61
Pharmacology
The field of medicine that specializes in the study of drugs, including their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions, and uses
62
Pharmacy
A place for preparing or dispensing drugs
63
Physicians' desk reference (PDR)
A reference book that provides the same information found in package inserts that accompany each container of medication: description of the drug, actions, indications and usage (why medication is prescribed), contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, overdosage, and dosage and administration
64
Potency
Strength
65
Potentiation
The effect that occurs when two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the sum of their individual effects
66
Rectal medication
Medication inserted into the rectum and slowly absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the rectum It is in the form of a suppository, which melts as the body temperature warms it, or a retention enema
67
Rect/o
Rectum
68
Route of administration
The method of introducing a medication into the body
69
Side effect
An additional effect on the body by a drug that was not part of the goal for the medication
70
Standards
Rules that have been established to control the strength, quality, and purity of medications prepared by various manufacturers
71
Subcutaneous medication
Medication injected into the subcutaneous layer, or fatty tissue, of the skin
72
Sub-
Under, below
73
Cutane/o
Skin
74
Sublingual medication
Medication placed under the tongue, where it dissolves in the patient's saliva and is quickly absorbed through the mucous membrane lining of the mouth
75
Lingu/o
Tongue
76
Systemic effect
A generalized response to a drug by the body The drug has a widespread influence on the body because it is absorbed into the bloodstream
77
Tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat, over 100 beats per minute
78
Tachy-
Rapid
79
Therapeutic dose
The dose of a medication that achieves the desired effect
80
Tolerance
The body's decreased response to the effect of a drug after repeated dosages
81
Topical medication
Medication applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for a local effect to the area
82
Toxicology
The study of poisons, their detection, and their effects and establishing antidotes and methods of treatment for conditions they produce and prevention of poisoning
83
Trade name
Brand name copyrighted by a pharmaceutical company
84
United States pharmacopeia- National formulary (USP-NF)
An authorized publication of the United States pharmacopeial convention that contains formulas and information that provide a standard for preparation and dispensation of drugs Recognized by the U.S. Government as the official listing of standard drugs
85
Vaginal medication
Medication inserted into the vagina; may be a form of a suppository, cream, foam or tablet
86
Vagin/o
Vagina
87
Cumulation
Occurs when a drug is not completely excreted from the body before another dose is given
88
Idiosyncrasy
An unusual, inappropriate response to a drug or to the usual effective dose of a drug
89
Potentiation
Occurs when two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the sum of their individual effects
90
Tolerance
Decreased response to the effected drug after repeated dosages
91
Oral medication
That is given by mouth and swallowed May he given in dry, solid, or powder form, or they may be given in the liquid form
92
Sublingual medication
One that is placed under the tongue
93
Or/o
Mouth
94
Buccal medication
One that is placed in the mouth next to the cheek It is in tablet form
95
Bucc/o
Cheek
96
Inhalation medication
Those that are sprayed or inhaled into the nose, throat, and lungs
97
Rectal medications
Those inserted into the rectum and slowly absorbed into the mucous membrane are lining of the rectum
98
Vaginal medications
Those inserted into the vagina
99
Vagin/o
Vagina
100
Topical medication
One applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for a local effect to the area
101
Transdermal medication
Method of applying a drug to unbroken skin using an adhesive patch Absorbed continuously and produces a systemic effect
102
Trans-
Across
103
Parenteral medication
Any route of administration not involving the gastrointestinal tract, for example, topical, inhalation, or injection
104
Analgesic
Relieves pain Examples: acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, Bayer Children’s Aspirin); acetaminophen (Tylenol)
105
An-
Without
106
Alges/o
Pain
107
-ic
Pertaining to
108
Anesthetic
Partially or completely numbs or eliminates sensitivity with or without loss of consciousness Examples: lidocaine (xylocaine)
109
Esthet/o
Feeling, nervous sensation or sense of perception
110
Antiarrhythmic
Correct cardiac arrhythmias (irregular beats) Examples: digoxin (lanoxin); propranolol; hydrochloride (inderal)
111
Anti-
Against
112
Arrhythm/o
Rhythm
113
Antibiotic
Stops or controls the growth of infection-causing microorganisms Examples: phenoxymethyl-penicillin sodium (pen-vee-k, penicillin VK, Veetids, V-Collin K); trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, bactrim DS)
114
Bi/o
Life
115
-Tic
Pertaining to
116
Anticoagulant
Prevents clot continuation and formation Examples: enoxaparin sodium (lovenox); warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
117
Coagul/o
Clotting
118
Anticonvulsant
Prevents or relieves convulsions (seizures) Examples: clonazepam (klonopin); phenobarbital (luminal); diazepam (Valium)
119
Antidepressant
Prevents, cures, or alleviates mental depression Examples: fluoxetine (Prozac); imipramine hydrochloride (tofranil)
120
Antidiabetic
Helps control the blood sugar levels Examples: chlorpropamide (diabinese); metformin (glucophage); insulin
121
Antidiarrheal
Prevents or treats diarrhea Examples: diphenoxylate-atropine sulfate (lomotil); loperamide hydrochloride (Imodium)
122
Antidiuretic
Suppresses the formation of urine Examples: vasopressin (pitressin)
123
Antiemetic
Prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting Examples: chlorpromazine (Thorazine); meclizine hydrochloride (bonine, Dramamine 2, antivert)
124
Antifungal
Destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi Examples: miconazole (monistat); fluconazole (diflucan); clotrimazole ( gyne-lotrimin)
125
Fung/o
Fungus
126
Antihistamine
Opposes thee action of histamine, which is released in allergic reactions Examples: diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl); cetirizine (zyrted
127
Antihypertensive
Prevents or controls high blood pressure Examples: nadolol (corgard); prazosin (minipress); diltiazem hydrochloride (cardizem, cardizem CD)
128
Anti-infective (antibiotic)
Stops or controls the growth of infection-causing microorganisms
129
Anti-inflammatory
Counteracts inflammation in the body
130
Antineoplastic
Prevents the development, growth, or reproduction of cancerous cells
131
Neo-
New
132
Plas/o
Formation
133
Antipyretic
Reduces fever
134
Pyr/o
Fire, heat
135
Antitussive
Relieves cough due to various causes
136
Antiulcer agent
Treats and prevents peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretion
137
Antiviral agent
Treats various viral conditions such as serious herpes virus infection, chickenpox, and influenza A
138
Beta blocker
Treats hypertension, angina, and various abnormal heart rhythms
139
Bronchodilator
Expands the bronchial tubes by relaxing the bronchial muscles
140
Bronch/o
Bronchus Airway
141
Calcium channel blocker
Treats hypertension, angina, and various abnormal heart rhythms
142
Diuretic
Increases urine secretions
143
Hormone
Treats deficiency states where specific hormone level is abnormally low
144
Hypnotic
Induces sleep or dulls the senses
145
Hypno-
Sleep
146
Immunosuppressant
Suppresses the body's natural immune response to an antigen, as in treatment for transplant patients
147
Immun/o
Immunity
148
Laxative
Prevents constipation or promotes the emptying of the bowel contents with ease
149
Lipid-lowering agent
Reduces blood lipid (fat) levels
150
Lip/o
Fat
151
Sedative
Exerts a soothing or tranquilizing effect on the body
152
Skeletal muscle relaxant
Receives muscle tension
153
Skelet/o
Skeleton
154
Vitamin
Prevents and treats vitamin deficiencies and used to dietary supplement

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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