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Medical Terminology > Chapter 22: Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Drug schedule 1

A

Not considered to be legitimate for medical use in the United States

Used for research only

Cannot be prescribed, having a high risk for abuse

Examples: LSD, heroin, marijuana

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2
Q

Drug schedule 2

A

Accepted medical use but have a high potential for abuse or addiction

Must be ordered by written prescription

Cannot be refilled without a new, written prescription

Examples: morphine, cocaine, oxycodone, Demerol, dilaudid

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3
Q

Drug schedule 3

A

Moderate potential for abuse or addiction and low potential for physical dependence

Ordered by written prescription or by telephone order

Expires in 6 months

May not be refilled move than five times in a 6 -month period

Examples: tylend with codeine, Vicodin, hycodan

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4
Q

Drug schedule 4

A

Have less potential for abuse or addiction than those of schedule 3, with limited physical dependence

May be ordered by written prescription or by telephone order

May be refilled up to 5 times over a 6 -month period

Expires in 6 months

Example: Xanax, Valium, darvon, ambien, soma

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5
Q

Drug schedule 5

A

Small potential for abuse or addiction

Ordered by written prescription or by telephone order

No limit on prescription refills

Some of these drugs may not need a prescription

Examples: robitussin A-C, lyrica, lomotil

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6
Q

Adverse reaction

A

The body’s reaction to a drug in an unexpected way that may endanger a patient’s health and safety

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7
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

A life-threating, hypersensitive reaction to food or drugs

The patient experiences verpiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, cool pale skin, cyanosis, and possibly convulsions shortly after administration of the medication

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8
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Stopping or controlling the growth of bacteria

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9
Q

Bacteri/o

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

Static

A

Stopping or controlling

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11
Q

Brand name

A

The name under which the drug is sold by a specific manufacturer

Name is owned by the manufacturer, and no other company may use that name

Each brand name carries a registered trademark symbol

Trade name

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12
Q

Buccal medication

A

Medication placed in the mouth next to the cheek, where it is absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the mouth

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13
Q

Bucc/o

A

Check

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14
Q

-Al

A

Pertaining to

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15
Q

Chemical name

A

Description of the chemical structure of the drug

It is listed in the hospital formulary along with the chemical formula diagram

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16
Q

Chemotherapy

A

The treatment of diseases by using drugs that have a specific deadly effect on disease-causing microorganisms

These drugs are used in the treatment of certain infections and cancer

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17
Q

Chem/o

A

Pertaining to a chemical, drug

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18
Q

-Therapy

A

Treatment

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19
Q

Contraindication

A

Any special symptom or circumstance that indicates that the use of a particular drug or procedure is dangerous, not advised, or has not been proven safe for administration

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20
Q

Controlled substances

A

Drugs that have a potential for abuse

These drugs are placed into five categories, ranging from schedule 1 drugs (which are the most dangerous and most likely to be abused) to schedule 5 drugs, which are the least dangerous and least likely to be abused

Schedule drugs

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21
Q

Controlled substances act

A

The federal law concerned with the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances

These drugs have the potential of being abused and of causing physical or psychological dependence

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22
Q

cumulation

A

That a drug level begins to accumulate in the body with repeated doses because the any is not completely excreted from the body before another dose is administered

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23
Q

Desired effect

A

The effect that was intended; that is, if the drug lowered the blood pressure as was intended, the desired effect was achieved

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24
Q

Drug

A

Any substance that when taken into the body may modify one or more of its functions

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25
Q

Drug action

A

Describes how a drug produces changes within the body

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26
Q

Drug effect

A

Describes the change that takes place in the body as a result of the drug action

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27
Q

Drug enforcement administration

A

The government agency responsible for administering and enforcing the controlled substances act

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28
Q

Drug facts and comparisons

A

A reference book for health care professionals that provides information on drugs according to their therapeutic classifications

Compares the various drugs within each category with other products

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29
Q

First dose

A

Initial dose

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30
Q

First-dose effect

A

An undesired effect of a medication that occurs within 30 to 90 minutes after administration of the first dose

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31
Q

Food and drug administration

A

The government agency responsible for administering and enforcing the food, drug, and cosmetic act within the United States

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32
Q

Food, drug, and cosmetic act

A

A law that regulates the quality, purity, potency, effectiveness, safety, labeling, and packaging food, drugs, and cosmetic products

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33
Q

Generic name

A

The name established when the drug is first manufactured

Name is protected for use by only the original manufacturer for a period of 17 years

After that time, the name of the drug becomes public property and can be used by any manufacturer

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34
Q

Hospital formulary

A

A reference book that lists all of the drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy

Provides information about the characteristics of drugs and their clinical usage

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35
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

Less than normal blood pressure

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36
Q

Hypo-

A

Under, below, beneath, less than normal

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37
Q

Tens/o

A

Strain

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38
Q

-ion

A

Action

Process

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39
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

An unusual, inappropriate response to a drug or to the usual effective dose of the drug

Reaction can be life threatening

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40
Q

Inhalation medication

A

Medication is sprayed or breathed into the nose, throat, and lungs

Absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the nose and throat and by the alveoli of the lungs

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41
Q

Initial dose

A

The first dose of medication

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42
Q

Intradermal medication

A

Medication inserted just beneath the epidermis, using a syringe and needle

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43
Q

Intra-

A

Within

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44
Q

Derm/o

A

Skin

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45
Q

-Al

A

Pertaining to

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46
Q

Intramuscular medication

A

Medication injected directly into the muscle

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47
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle

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48
Q

Intravenous medication

A

Medication injected directly into the vein, entering the blood stream immediately

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49
Q

Ven/o

A

Vein

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50
Q

-Ous

A

Pertaining to

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51
Q

Local effect

A

A response (to a medication) confined to a specific part of the body

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52
Q

Maintenance dose

A

The dose of a medication that will keep the concentration of the medication in the bloodstream at the desired level

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53
Q

Official name

A

Generic name

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54
Q

Over the counter (OTC)

A

Medication available without a prescription

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55
Q

Package insert

A

An information leaflet placed inside the container or package of prescription drugs

The FDA requires that the drug generic name, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, dosage, and route of administration be described in the leaflet

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56
Q

Parenteral medication

A

Any route of administration not involving the gastrointestinal tract, for example topical, inhalation, or injection

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57
Q

Pharmacist

A

One who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs

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58
Q

Pharmac/o

A

Drug, medicine

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59
Q

-ist

A

Practitioner

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60
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how drugs interact in the human body

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61
Q

Pharmacology

A

The field of medicine that specializes in the study of drugs, including their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions, and uses

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62
Q

Pharmacy

A

A place for preparing or dispensing drugs

63
Q

Physicians’ desk reference (PDR)

A

A reference book that provides the same information found in package inserts that accompany each container of medication: description of the drug, actions, indications and usage (why medication is prescribed), contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, overdosage, and dosage and administration

64
Q

Potency

A

Strength

65
Q

Potentiation

A

The effect that occurs when two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the sum of their individual effects

66
Q

Rectal medication

A

Medication inserted into the rectum and slowly absorbed into the mucous membrane lining of the rectum

It is in the form of a suppository, which melts as the body temperature warms it, or a retention enema

67
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum

68
Q

Route of administration

A

The method of introducing a medication into the body

69
Q

Side effect

A

An additional effect on the body by a drug that was not part of the goal for the medication

70
Q

Standards

A

Rules that have been established to control the strength, quality, and purity of medications prepared by various manufacturers

71
Q

Subcutaneous medication

A

Medication injected into the subcutaneous layer, or fatty tissue, of the skin

72
Q

Sub-

A

Under, below

73
Q

Cutane/o

A

Skin

74
Q

Sublingual medication

A

Medication placed under the tongue, where it dissolves in the patient’s saliva and is quickly absorbed through the mucous membrane lining of the mouth

75
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

76
Q

Systemic effect

A

A generalized response to a drug by the body

The drug has a widespread influence on the body because it is absorbed into the bloodstream

77
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heartbeat, over 100 beats per minute

78
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid

79
Q

Therapeutic dose

A

The dose of a medication that achieves the desired effect

80
Q

Tolerance

A

The body’s decreased response to the effect of a drug after repeated dosages

81
Q

Topical medication

A

Medication applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for a local effect to the area

82
Q

Toxicology

A

The study of poisons, their detection, and their effects and establishing antidotes and methods of treatment for conditions they produce and prevention of poisoning

83
Q

Trade name

A

Brand name copyrighted by a pharmaceutical company

84
Q

United States pharmacopeia- National formulary (USP-NF)

A

An authorized publication of the United States pharmacopeial convention that contains formulas and information that provide a standard for preparation and dispensation of drugs

Recognized by the U.S. Government as the official listing of standard drugs

85
Q

Vaginal medication

A

Medication inserted into the vagina; may be a form of a suppository, cream, foam or tablet

86
Q

Vagin/o

A

Vagina

87
Q

Cumulation

A

Occurs when a drug is not completely excreted from the body before another dose is given

88
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

An unusual, inappropriate response to a drug or to the usual effective dose of a drug

89
Q

Potentiation

A

Occurs when two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the sum of their individual effects

90
Q

Tolerance

A

Decreased response to the effected drug after repeated dosages

91
Q

Oral medication

A

That is given by mouth and swallowed

May he given in dry, solid, or powder form, or they may be given in the liquid form

92
Q

Sublingual medication

A

One that is placed under the tongue

93
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

94
Q

Buccal medication

A

One that is placed in the mouth next to the cheek

It is in tablet form

95
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

96
Q

Inhalation medication

A

Those that are sprayed or inhaled into the nose, throat, and lungs

97
Q

Rectal medications

A

Those inserted into the rectum and slowly absorbed into the mucous membrane are lining of the rectum

98
Q

Vaginal medications

A

Those inserted into the vagina

99
Q

Vagin/o

A

Vagina

100
Q

Topical medication

A

One applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for a local effect to the area

101
Q

Transdermal medication

A

Method of applying a drug to unbroken skin using an adhesive patch

Absorbed continuously and produces a systemic effect

102
Q

Trans-

A

Across

103
Q

Parenteral medication

A

Any route of administration not involving the gastrointestinal tract, for example, topical, inhalation, or injection

104
Q

Analgesic

A

Relieves pain

Examples: acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, Bayer Children’s Aspirin); acetaminophen (Tylenol)

105
Q

An-

A

Without

106
Q

Alges/o

A

Pain

107
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

108
Q

Anesthetic

A

Partially or completely numbs or eliminates sensitivity with or without loss of consciousness

Examples: lidocaine (xylocaine)

109
Q

Esthet/o

A

Feeling, nervous sensation or sense of perception

110
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Correct cardiac arrhythmias (irregular beats)

Examples: digoxin (lanoxin); propranolol; hydrochloride (inderal)

111
Q

Anti-

A

Against

112
Q

Arrhythm/o

A

Rhythm

113
Q

Antibiotic

A

Stops or controls the growth of infection-causing microorganisms

Examples: phenoxymethyl-penicillin sodium (pen-vee-k, penicillin VK, Veetids, V-Collin K); trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, bactrim DS)

114
Q

Bi/o

A

Life

115
Q

-Tic

A

Pertaining to

116
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Prevents clot continuation and formation

Examples: enoxaparin sodium (lovenox); warfarin sodium (Coumadin)

117
Q

Coagul/o

A

Clotting

118
Q

Anticonvulsant

A

Prevents or relieves convulsions (seizures)

Examples: clonazepam (klonopin); phenobarbital (luminal); diazepam (Valium)

119
Q

Antidepressant

A

Prevents, cures, or alleviates mental depression

Examples: fluoxetine (Prozac); imipramine hydrochloride (tofranil)

120
Q

Antidiabetic

A

Helps control the blood sugar levels

Examples: chlorpropamide (diabinese); metformin (glucophage); insulin

121
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Prevents or treats diarrhea

Examples: diphenoxylate-atropine sulfate (lomotil); loperamide hydrochloride (Imodium)

122
Q

Antidiuretic

A

Suppresses the formation of urine

Examples: vasopressin (pitressin)

123
Q

Antiemetic

A

Prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

Examples: chlorpromazine (Thorazine); meclizine hydrochloride (bonine, Dramamine 2, antivert)

124
Q

Antifungal

A

Destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

Examples: miconazole (monistat); fluconazole (diflucan); clotrimazole ( gyne-lotrimin)

125
Q

Fung/o

A

Fungus

126
Q

Antihistamine

A

Opposes thee action of histamine, which is released in allergic reactions

Examples: diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl); cetirizine (zyrted

127
Q

Antihypertensive

A

Prevents or controls high blood pressure

Examples: nadolol (corgard); prazosin (minipress); diltiazem hydrochloride (cardizem, cardizem CD)

128
Q

Anti-infective (antibiotic)

A

Stops or controls the growth of infection-causing microorganisms

129
Q

Anti-inflammatory

A

Counteracts inflammation in the body

130
Q

Antineoplastic

A

Prevents the development, growth, or reproduction of cancerous cells

131
Q

Neo-

A

New

132
Q

Plas/o

A

Formation

133
Q

Antipyretic

A

Reduces fever

134
Q

Pyr/o

A

Fire, heat

135
Q

Antitussive

A

Relieves cough due to various causes

136
Q

Antiulcer agent

A

Treats and prevents peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretion

137
Q

Antiviral agent

A

Treats various viral conditions such as serious herpes virus infection, chickenpox, and influenza A

138
Q

Beta blocker

A

Treats hypertension, angina, and various abnormal heart rhythms

139
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Expands the bronchial tubes by relaxing the bronchial muscles

140
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchus

Airway

141
Q

Calcium channel blocker

A

Treats hypertension, angina, and various abnormal heart rhythms

142
Q

Diuretic

A

Increases urine secretions

143
Q

Hormone

A

Treats deficiency states where specific hormone level is abnormally low

144
Q

Hypnotic

A

Induces sleep or dulls the senses

145
Q

Hypno-

A

Sleep

146
Q

Immunosuppressant

A

Suppresses the body’s natural immune response to an antigen, as in treatment for transplant patients

147
Q

Immun/o

A

Immunity

148
Q

Laxative

A

Prevents constipation or promotes the emptying of the bowel contents with ease

149
Q

Lipid-lowering agent

A

Reduces blood lipid (fat) levels

150
Q

Lip/o

A

Fat

151
Q

Sedative

A

Exerts a soothing or tranquilizing effect on the body

152
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant

A

Receives muscle tension

153
Q

Skelet/o

A

Skeleton

154
Q

Vitamin

A

Prevents and treats vitamin deficiencies and used to dietary supplement

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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