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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Absence seizure

A

A small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds

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2
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A chemical substance in the body tissues that facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses from one nerve to another

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3
Q

afferent nerves

A

Transmitters of nerve impulses toward the CNS

Sensory nerves

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4
Q

Agnosia

A

Loss of mental ability to understand sensory stimuli even though the sensory organs themselves are functioning

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5
Q

A-

A

Without, not

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6
Q

Gnos/o

A

To know

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7
Q

-ia

A

Condition

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8
Q

Agraphia

A

The inability to convert one’s thoughts into writing

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9
Q

Graph/o

A

Record

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10
Q

Alexia

A

The inability to understand written words

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11
Q

-Lexia

A

Reading

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12
Q

Analgesia

A

Without sensitivity to pain

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13
Q

An-

A

Without, not

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14
Q

-Algesia

A

Sensitivity to pain

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15
Q

Anesthesia

A

Without feeling or sensation

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16
Q
  • esthesia
A

Feeling, sensation

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17
Q

Anesthetic

A

Pertaining to partially or completely numbing or eliminating sensitivity with or without loss of consciousness

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18
Q

Esthet/o

A

Feeling, nervous sensation or sense of perception

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19
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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20
Q

Aneurysm

A

A localized dilation in the wall of an artery that expands with each pulsation in the artery

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21
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the brain

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22
Q

-Phasia

A

Speech

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23
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to perform coordinated movement or use objects properly

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24
Q

-praxia

A

Perform

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25
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

The weblike middle layer of the three membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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26
Q

Astrocyte

A

A star-shaped neuroglial cell found in the CNS

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27
Q

Astr/o

A

Star-shaped

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28
Q

-Cyte

A

Cell

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29
Q

Astrocytoma

A

A tumor Of the brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes

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30
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

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31
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

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32
Q

Ataxia

A

Without muscular coordination

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33
Q

Tax/o

A

Order

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34
Q

Aura

A

Sensation an individual experiences prior to the onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure

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35
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary vital functions of the body

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36
Q

Axon

A

The part of the nerve cell that transports nerve impulses away from the nerve cell body

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37
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

A protective characteristics of the capillary walls of the brain that prevents the passage of harmful substances from the bloodstream into the brain tissue or CSF

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38
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Abnormally slow movement

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39
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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40
Q

-Kinesia

A

Movement

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41
Q

Brain stem

A

The stemlike portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemisphere with the spinal cord

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42
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

A positive sign of meningitis

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43
Q

Burr hole

A

A hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill

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44
Q

Cauda equina

A

The lower end of the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves that occupy the spinal canal below the level of the first lumbar vertebra

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45
Q

Causalgia

A

A sensation of an acute burning pain along the path of a peripheral nerve, sometimes accompanied by erythema of the skin

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46
Q

Caus/o

A

Burn

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47
Q

-Algia

A

Pain

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48
Q

Cell body

A

The part of the cell that contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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49
Q

Central nervous System

A

One of the two main divisions of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord

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50
Q

Cephalagia

A

Pain in the head

Headache

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51
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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52
Q

Cerebellum

A

The part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary muscular movement

Behind the brain stem

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53
Q

Cerebral concussion

A

A brief interruption of brain function, usually with a loss of consciousness lasting a few seconds

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54
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Brain

Cerebrum

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55
Q

Cerebral contusion

A

Small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain

“Bruise” of the brain tissue

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56
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The thin outer layer of nervous tissue, known as gray matter, that covers the surface of the cerebrum

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57
Q

-Al

A

Pertaining to

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58
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

The fluid flowing through the the brain and around the spinal cord that protects them from physical blow or impact

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59
Q

Spin/o

A

Spine

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60
Q

Cerebrum

A

The largest and uppermost part of the brain

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61
Q

Cervical radiculopathy

A

Any disease of the spinal nerve roots in the neck

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62
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck

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63
Q

Radical/o

A

Root

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64
Q

-Pathy

A

Disease

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65
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration

A

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep rapid breathing

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66
Q

Coma

A

A deep sleep in which the individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli

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67
Q

Comatose

A

Pertains to being in a coma

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68
Q

Contracture

A

A permanent shortening of a muscle causing a joint to remain in an abnormally flexed position

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69
Q

Convolution

A

One of the many elevated folds of the surface of the cerebrum

Gyrus

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70
Q

Craniotomy

A

A surgical incision into the cranium or skull

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71
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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72
Q

-Tomy

A

Incision into

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73
Q

Deficit

A

Any deficiency or variation of the normal

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74
Q

Dementia

A

A progressive irreversible mental disorder in which the person has deteriorating memory, judgment, and ability to think

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75
Q

Demyelination

A

Destruction or removal of the myelin sheath that covers a nerve or nerve fiber

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76
Q

Dendrite

A

A projection that extends from the nerve cell body

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77
Q

diencephalon

A

The part of the brain located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

Main structures: thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

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78
Q

diplopia

A

Double vision

Ambiopia

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79
Q

Dipl/o

A

Double

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80
Q

-Opia

A

Vision

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81
Q

Dura mater

A

The outermost of the three membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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82
Q

Dyslexia

A

A condition characterized by an impairment of the ability to read

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83
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficult speech

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84
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Transmitters of nerve impulses away from the CNS

Motor nerves

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85
Q

Embolism

A

An abnormal condition in which a blood clot (embolus) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessel

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86
Q

Epidural space

A

The space immediately outside the dura mater that contains a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissue

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87
Q

Epilepsy

A

A neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of sudden brief attacks of seizures

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88
Q

Fissure

A

A deep groove on the surface of an organ

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89
Q

Fontanelle or frontal

A

A space covered by tough membrane between the bones of an infant’s cranium

“Soft spot”

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90
Q

Gait

A

The style of walking

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91
Q

Ganglion

A

A knot like mass of nerve tissue found outside the brain or spinal cord

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92
Q

Gray matter

A

The part of the nervous system consisting of axons that are not covered with myelin sheath

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93
Q

gyrus

A

One of the many elevated folds of the surface of the cerebrum

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94
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body

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95
Q

Hemi-

A

Half

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96
Q

-Paresis

A

Paralysis

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97
Q

hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one half of the body

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98
Q

-Plegia

A

Paralysis

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99
Q

Herpes zoster

A

An acute infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox

Painful vesicular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve

Shingles

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100
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli

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101
Q

Hyper-

A

Excessive

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102
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

Excessive muscular movement and physical activity

Hyperactivity

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103
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

A chronic abnormal concern about the health of the body

Extreme anxiety, depression, and an unrealistic interpretation of real or imagined physical symptoms

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104
Q

Hypo-

A

Under, below, beneath, less than normal

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105
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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106
Q

-iasis

A

Presence of an abnormal condition

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107
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A part of the brain located below the thalamus that controls many functions

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108
Q

Interneurons

A

Connecting neurons that conduct impulses from afferent nerves to or toward the motor nerves

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109
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

A designated sign for meningitis marked by the person’s inability to extend the leg completely when the thigh is flexed upon the abdomen and the person is sitting or lying down

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110
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of muscle movement

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111
Q

Lethargy

A

The state of being sluggish

Stupor

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112
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

A deep groove in the middle of the cerebrum that divides the cerebrum into the right and left hemisphere

113
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

One of the largest parts of the brain stem

Most essential part of the brain

114
Q

Meninges

A

The three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

115
Q

Mening/o

A

Meninges

116
Q

microglia

A

Small neuroglial cells found in the intestinal tissue of the nervous system that engulf cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens within the nervous tissue

117
Q

Midbrain

A

The uppermost part of the brain stem

118
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A protective sheath that covers the axons of many nerves in the body

119
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep

120
Q

Narc/o

A

Sleep

121
Q

-Lepsy

A

Seizure, attack

122
Q

Nerve

A

A cord like bundle of nerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body

Macroscopic

123
Q

Nerve block

A

The injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve or nerves to eliminate sensation to the area supplied by the nerves

Conduction anesthesia

124
Q

Neuralgia

A

Serve, sharp, spasm-like pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves

125
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

126
Q

-Algia

A

Pain

127
Q

Neuritis

A

Inflammation of a nerve

128
Q

Neuroglia

A

The supporting tissue of the nervous system

129
Q

Gli/o

A

Gluey substance

130
Q

Neurologist

A

A physician who specializes in treating the disease and disorder of the nervous system

131
Q

Neurology

A

The study of the nervous system and its disorder

132
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

133
Q

Neurosurgeon

A

A physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system

134
Q

Neurosurgery

A

Any surgery involving the nervous system

135
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical substance within the body that activates or inhabits the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses

136
Q

Nuchal rigidity

A

Rigidity of the neck

Neck is resistant to flexion

137
Q

Occlusion

A

Blockage

138
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

A type of neuroglial cell found in the intestinal tissue of the nervous system

139
Q

Olig/o

A

Few, little, scanty

140
Q

Dendr/o

A

Tree, branches

141
Q

Palliative

A

Soothing

142
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower extremities and trunk

143
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A

Nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions

144
Q

Parasympathomimetic

A

Copying or producing the same effects as those of the parasympathetic nerves

145
Q

Paresthesia

A

A sensation of numbness or tingling

146
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system outside the CNS

147
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process by which certain cells engulf and destroy microorganisms and cell debris

148
Q

Phag/o

A

To eat

149
Q

-Osis

A

Process

Condition

150
Q

pia mater

A

The innermost of the three membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord

151
Q

Pineal body

A

A small cone-shaped suture thought to be involved in regulating the body’s biological clock and that produce melatonin

Pineal body

152
Q

Plexus

A

A network of interwoven nerves

153
Q

Pons

A

The part of the brain located between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain

Acts as a bridge connecting the medulla oblongata and the cerebrum to the upper portions of the brain

154
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis at all four extremities and the trunk of the body

155
Q

Radiculotomy

A

The surgical resection of a spinal nerve root

Rhizotomy

156
Q

Radicul/o

A

Root

157
Q

-Tomy

A

Process of cutting

158
Q

Receptor

A

A sensory nerve ending

159
Q

Sciatica

A

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve

Pain along the course of the nerve, radiating through the thigh and down the back of the leg

160
Q

Sensory

A

Pertaining to sensation

161
Q

Sensory nerves

A

Transmitters of nerve imputes toward the CNS

Afferent nerves

162
Q

Shunt

A

A tube or passage that diverts or redirects body fluid from one cavity or vessel to another

163
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

The part of the PNS that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions

164
Q

Stimulus

A

Any agent or factor capable of initiating nerve impulses

165
Q

Stupor

A

A state of lethargy

Person is unresponsive and seems unaware of his or her surroundings

166
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

The space located just under the arachnoid membrane that contains cerebrospinal fluid

167
Q

Subdural space

A

The space located just beneath the dura mater that contains serous fluid

168
Q

Sulcus

A

A depression or shallow groove on the surface of an organ

169
Q

Sympathetic nerves

A

Nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions

170
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

Copying or producing the same effects as those of the sympathetic nerves

171
Q

Synapse

A

The space between the end of one nerve and the beginning of another, through which nerve impulses are transmitted

172
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting

173
Q

Thalamus

A

The part of the brain located between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain

Receives all sensory stimuli, except smell, and relays them to the cerebral cortex

174
Q

Thrombosis

A

An abnormal condition in which a clot develops in the blood vessel

175
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

176
Q

-Osis

A

Condition

177
Q

Tonic-clonic seizure

A

A seizure characterized by the presence of muscle contractions or tension followed by relaxation

“Jerking” movement of the body

178
Q

Ventricle (brain)

A

A small hollow within the brain that is tilled with cerebrospinal fluid

179
Q

Whiplash

A

An injury to the cervical vertebrae and their supporting structures due to a sudden back-and-forth jerking movement of the head and neck

180
Q

White matter

A

The part of the nervous system consisting of axons covered with myelin sheath

181
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Deterioration of a person’s intellectual functioning

182
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Severe weakening and wasting of the involved muscle groups

183
Q

Anencephaly

A

Absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth

Congenital disease

184
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face following trauma to the face

185
Q

Brain abscess

A

Localized accumulation of pus located anywhere in the brain tissue due to an infectious process

186
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Pinching or compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

187
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

188
Q

Troph/o

A

Development

189
Q

Scler/o

A

Hard

Reuters to clera of the eye

190
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

191
Q

Cerebral concussion

A

Brief interruption of brain function

192
Q

Cerebral contusion

A

Small, scattered venous hemorrhage in the brain occurring when the brain strikes the inner skull

193
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Collective term used to describe congenital brain damage that is permant but not progressive

Child’s lack of control of voluntary movement

194
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Involves death of a specific portion of brain tissue, resulting from a decrease in blood flow (ischemia) to that area of the brain

Stroke

195
Q

Degenerative disk

A

Deterioration of the intervertebral

196
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain largely caused by a virus that enters the CNS when the person experiences a viral disease

197
Q

Epilepsy

A

Syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain resulting in involuntary muscle movements called seizures

198
Q

Grand mal seizure

A

Epileptic seizure characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness and by generalized involuntary muscular contraction, vacillating between rigid body extension and an alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles

199
Q

Petit mal seizure

A

Small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds

Absence seizure

200
Q

Guillain-barré syndrome

A

Acute polyneuritis of the PNS in which the myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed

201
Q

Headache

Cephalalgia

A

Involves pain anywhere within the cranial cavity

202
Q

Migraine headache

A

Recurring, pulsating, vascular headache usually developing on one side of the head

203
Q

Cluster headache

A

Occurs typically two or three hours after falling asleep

Extreme pain around one eye that wakens the person from sleep

204
Q

Tension headache

A

Occurs from long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around the face, scalp, upper back, and neck

205
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Collection of blood (hematoma) located above the dura mater and just below the skill

206
Q

Epi-

A

Upon, over

207
Q

Dur/o

A

Dura mater

208
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

209
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

210
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the meninges

211
Q

Herniated disk

A

Rupture or nomination of the disk Center through the disk wall and into the spinal canal

212
Q

Huntington’s chorea

A

Inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects of the basal ganglia on the neurons

213
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that cause the ventricles of the brain to dilate

214
Q

Hydro-

A

Water

215
Q

Intracranial tumor

A

Occurs in any structural region of the brain

Malignant or benign

Primary or secondary

Named according to the tissue from which they originated

216
Q

Intra-

A

Within

217
Q

Primary intracranial tumors

A

Arises from gliomas, malignant glial alls that are supported for nerve tissues, and from tumors that arise from the meninges

218
Q

Metastatic intracranial tumors (secondary)

A

Occur as a result of metastasis from a primary site

219
Q

Meningitis (acute bacterial)

A

Serous bacterial infection of the meninges

220
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain

221
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Chronic progressive neuromuscular disorder causing severe skeletal muscle weakness (without atrophy) and fatigue

222
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Rare syndrome of uncontrolled sudden attacks of sleep

Daytime sleepiness and cataplexy

223
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Highly malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system

224
Q

Blast/o

A

Embryonic stage of development

225
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem’s motor System

226
Q

Peripheral neuritis

A

General term indicating inflammation of one or more peripheral nerves, the effects begin dependent on the particular nerve involved

227
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

An infectious viral disease entering through the respiratory tract and affecting the ability of spinal lord and brain motor neurons to receive stimulation

228
Q

Poli/o

A

Gray matter, in nervous system

229
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord

Bone marrow

230
Q

Postpolio syndrome

A

Progressive weakness occurring at least 30 years after the initial poliomyelitis attack

231
Q

Post-

A

After, behind

232
Q

Syn-

A

Together, join

233
Q

-Drome

A

That which runs together

234
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Acute brain encephalopathy along with fatty infiltration of the internal organs that may follow acute viral infections

235
Q

Shingles

Herpes zoster

A

Acute viral infection seen mainly in adults who have had chicken pox

Inflammation of the underlying spinal or cranial nerve pathway

236
Q

Skull fracture (depressed)

A

A broken segment of the skull bone thrust into the brain as a result of a direct force, usually a blunt object, is a skull fracture

237
Q

Spina bifida cystica

A

Congenital defect in the CNS in which the back of one or more vertebrae is not closed normally and a cyst protrudes through the opening in the back

238
Q

Meningocele

A

Cyst-like sac covered with skin or a thin membrane protruding through the bony defect in the vertebrae containing meninges

239
Q

-Cele

A

Swelling or herniation

240
Q

Meningomyelocele

A

Cyst-like sac covered with skin or a thin membrane protruding through the bony defect in the vertebrae that contains meninges, CSF, and spinal cord segments

241
Q

supina bifida occulta

A

Congenital defect of the CNS in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed

242
Q

Spinal cord injuries

A

Severe injuries to the spinal cord result in impairment of spinal cord function below the level of the injury

243
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower extremities

244
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Follows severe trauma to the spinal card below the fifth and seventh cervical vertebrae

245
Q

Tay-sachs disease

A

Congenital disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism, resulting from an enzyme deficiency

246
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Short periods of severe unilateral pain, which radiates along the fifth cranial nerve

247
Q

Babinski’s reflex

A

Can be tested by stroking the sole of the foot

248
Q

Brain scan

A

Nuclear counter scanning of cranial content two hours after the intravenous injection of radioisotopes

249
Q

Cerebral angiography

A

Visualization of the cerebral vascular system via X-ray after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium into an arterial blood vessels

250
Q

Angi/o

A

Vessel

251
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

252
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture is analyzed for the presence of bacteria, blood, or malignant alls as well as for the amount of protein and glucose present

253
Q

CT scan of the brain

A

Computed tomography (CT) is the analysis of a three-dimensional view of brain tissue obtained as X-ray beams pass through successive horizontal layers of the brain

Computerized axial tomography CAT scan)

254
Q

Chordotomy

A

Neurosurgical procedure for pain control accomplished through a laminectomy

255
Q

Chord/o

A

String, cord

256
Q

Cisternal punctures

A

Involves insertion of a short, beveled spinal needle into the cistema magna to drain CSF Or to obtain a CSF specimen

257
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical procedure that makes an opening into the skull

258
Q

Echoencephalography

A

Ultrasound used to analyze the intracranial structures of the brain

259
Q

Echo-

A

Sound

260
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

261
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Measurement of electrical activity produced by the brain and recorded through electrodes placed on the scalp

262
Q

Electromyography

A

Process of recording the electrical activity of muscle by inserting a small needle into the muscle and delivering a small current that stimulate the muscle

263
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of the bony arches from one or more vertebrae to relieve pressure on the spinal cord

264
Q

Lamin/o

A

lamina

265
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal

266
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Involves the insertion of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space

267
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Noninvasive scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use off radiation

268
Q

myelography

A

Introduction of contrast medium into the lumbar subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture to visualize the spinal cord and vertebral canal through X-ray examination

269
Q

Neurectomy

A

Neurosurgical procedure to relieve pain in a localized or small area by incision of cranial or peripheral nerves

270
Q

Polysomnogram

A

Steep study test that evaluates physical factors affecting sleep

271
Q

Poly-

A

Many

272
Q

Somn/o

A

Sleep

273
Q

-Gram

A

Record or recording

274
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

Produces computerized radiographic images of various body structures when radioactive substances are inhaled or injected

275
Q

Romberg test

A

Used to evaluate cerebellar functions and balance

276
Q

stereotaxic neurosurgery

A

Performed on a precise location of an area within the brain that controls specific functions and many involve destruction of brain tissue with various agents

277
Q

Sympathectomy

A

Surgical procedure used to interrupt a portion of the sympathetic nerve pathway for the purpose of relieving chronic pain

278
Q

tractotomy

A

Involves a craniotomy

279
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

Form of cutaneous stimulation for pain relief that supplies electrical impulses to the nerve endings of a nerve close to the pain site

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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