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Medical Terminology > Chapter 17: The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 17: The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adnexa

A

Tissues or structures in the body that are next to or near another

As in the uterus the adnexa consists of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and ligaments of the uterus

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2
Q

Areola

A

The darker pigmented, circular area surrounding the nipple of each breast

Areola memmae or the areola papillaris

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3
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

Two small, mucus-secreting glands located on the posterior and lateral aspects of the entrance to the vagina

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4
Q

Cervical dysplasia

A

The presence of abnormal tissue in the uterine cervix

This atypical tissue may be precancerous

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5
Q

Cervic/o

A

Cervix (neck of the uterus)

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6
Q

-Al

A

Pertaining to

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7
Q

Dys-

A

Back, difficult, painful, disordered

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8
Q

-Plasia

A

Formation or development

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9
Q

Cervix

A

The part of the utters that protrudes into the cavity of the vagina

The neck of the uterus

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10
Q

Climacteric

A

The cessation of menstruation

Menopause

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11
Q

Clitoris

A

The vaginal erectile tissue (structure) corresponding to the male penis

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12
Q

Coitus

A

The sexual union of two people of the opposite sex in which the penis is introduced into the vagina

Sexual intercourse or copulation

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13
Q

Colpopexy

A

Surgical fixation of a relaxed vaginal wall

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14
Q

Colp/o

A

Vagina

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15
Q

-Pexy

A

Surgical fixation

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16
Q

Corpus luteum

A

A yellowish mass that forms within the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation, containing high levels of progesterone and some estrogen

Functions as a temporary endocrine gland for the purpose of secreting estrogen and large amounts progesterone, which will sustain pregnancy (should it occur) until the placenta forms

It pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will degenerate approximately three days prior to the beginning of menstruation

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17
Q

Cul-de-sac

A

A pouch located between the uterus and rectum within the peritoneal cavity

Formed by one of the ligaments that serves as support to the uterus

Blood, pus, and other drainage collect in the cul-de-sac

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18
Q

Diaphragm

A

A term used in gynecology to represent a form of contraception

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19
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Abnormal implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity

Tubal pregnancy

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20
Q

Ecto-

A

Outside

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21
Q

Endometrium

A

The inner lining of the uterus

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22
Q

Endo-

A

Within

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23
Q

Metri/o

A

Uterus

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24
Q

-Um

A

Noun ending

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25
Q

Episiotomy

A

A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the woman’s perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for the delivery of the baby

Usually made shortly befor the baby’s birth (second stage of labor) to prevent tearing of the perineum

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26
Q

Episi/o

A

Vulva

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27
Q

-Otomy

A

Incision into

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28
Q

Estrogen

A

One of the female hormones that promotes the development of the female secondary sex characteristics

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29
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

One of a pair of tubes opening at one end into the uterus and at the other end into the peritoneal cavity, over the ovary

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30
Q

Fertilization

A

The union of a male sperm and a female ovum

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31
Q

Fimbriae

A

The fingerlike end of the Fallopian tube

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32
Q

Fourchette

A

A tense band of mucous membrane at the posterior rim of the vaginal opening

The point at which the labia minora connect

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33
Q

fundus

A

The dome-shaped central, upper portion of the uterus between the points of insertion of the Fallopian tubes

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34
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Discharge or flow of milk from the breasts of women who are not breastfeeding

Not associated with childbirth or nursing of an infant

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35
Q

Galact/o

A

Milk

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36
Q

-rrhea

A

Discharge

Flow

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37
Q

Gamete

A

A mature sperm or ovum

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38
Q

Gonads

A

A gamete-producing gland such as an ovary or a testis

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39
Q

Graafian follicles

A

A mature, fully developed ovarian cyst containing the ripe ovum

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40
Q

Gynecologist

A

A physician who specializes in the medical specialty that deals with diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system

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41
Q

Gynec/o

A

Women

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42
Q

-Logist

A

One who specializes in the study of

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43
Q

Gynecology

A

The branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system

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44
Q

-Logy

A

The study of

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45
Q

Hymen

A

A thin layer of elastic, connective tissue membrane that forms a border around the outer opening of the vagina and may partially cover the vaginal opening

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46
Q

Hysterosalpingography

A

An X-ray of the uterus and the Fallopian tubes by injecting a contrast material into these structures

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47
Q

Hyster/o

A

Uterus

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48
Q

Salping/o

A

Fallopian tubes

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49
Q

-Graphy

A

Process of reading

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50
Q

Labia majora

A

Two folds of skin containing fatty tissue and covered with hair that lie on either side of the vaginal opening, extending from the mons pubis to the perineum

The outer surface is covered by pubic hair

The inner surface is smooth and moist

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51
Q

Labia minora

A

Two folds of hairless skin located within the folds of the labia majora

Extends from the clitoris downward toward the perineum

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52
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Surgical removal of only the tumor and the immediate adjacent breast tissue

A method of treatment for breast cancer when detected in the early stage of the disease

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53
Q

Mammary glands

A

The female breasts

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54
Q

Mamm/o

A

Breast

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55
Q

-Ary

A

Pertaining to

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56
Q

Mastectomy

A

Surgical removal of the breast as a treatment method for breast cancer

Can be simple (breast only), modified radical (breast plus lymph nodes in axilla), or radical (breast, lymph nodes, and chest muscles on affected side)

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57
Q

Mast/o

A

Breast

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58
Q

-Ectomy

A

Surgical removal

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59
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation of the breast

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60
Q

meatus

A

An opening or tunnel through any part of the body

61
Q

Menarche

A

Onset of menstruation

The first menstrual period

62
Q

Men/o

A

Menstruation

63
Q

-Arche

A

Beginning

64
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Excessive flow of menstrual period and at times other than the menstraul period

65
Q

-rrhagia

A

Excessive flow or discharge

66
Q

Menopause

A

The permanent cessation (stopping) of the menstrual cycles

67
Q

menorrhea

A

Menstraul flow

Menstruation

68
Q

Menses

A

Another name for menstruation or menstrual flow

69
Q

Menstruation

A

The pentode shedding of the lining of the nonpregnant uterus through a bloody discharge that passes through the vagina to the outside of the body

Occurs months intervals and lasts for 3 to 5 days

70
Q

Myometrium

A

The muscular layer of the uterine wall

71
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

72
Q

Nulligravida

A

A woman who has never been pregnant

73
Q

Nulli-

A

None

74
Q

-gravida

A

Pregnancy

75
Q

Nullipara

A

A women who has never completed pregnancy beyond 20 weeks’ gestation

76
Q

-Para

A

To bear

77
Q

Orifice

A

The entrance or outlet of any body cavity

As in the vaginal orifice

78
Q

Ovariorrhexis

A

Rupture of an ovary

79
Q

Ovari/o

A

Ovary

80
Q

-rrhexis

A

Rupture

81
Q

Ovary

A

One of a pair of female gonads responsible for producing mature ova (eggs) and releasing them at monthly intervals (ovulation)

Also responsible for producing the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone

82
Q

Ov/o

A

Egg

83
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of the mature ovum from the ovary, occurring approximately 14 days prior to the beginning of menses

84
Q

Ovum

A

The female reproductive cell

Female sex cell or egg

85
Q

Perineum

A

The area between the vaginal orifice and the anus that consists of muscular and fibrous tissue and serves as support for the pelvic structures

86
Q

Pregnancy

A

The period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception through birth

Lasts approximately 40 weeks

Gestational period

87
Q

Premenstraul syndrome

A

A group of symptoms that include irritability, fluid retention, tenderness of the breasts, and a general feeling of depression occurring shortly before the onset of menstruation

PMS

88
Q

Primigravida

A

A woman who is pregnant for the first time

89
Q

Primi-

A

First

90
Q

Primipara

A

A women who has given birth for the first time, after pregnancy of at least 20 weeks’ gestation

91
Q

Progesterone

A

One of the female hormones secreted by the corpus luteum and the placenta

Primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized and and for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertilized ovum

92
Q

Puberty

A

The period of life at which the ability to reproduce begins

That is, in the female, it is the period when the female reproductive organs are fully developed

93
Q

Sperm

A

A mature male germ cell

Spermatozoon

94
Q

Testes

A

The paired male gonads that produce sperm

Suspended in the scrotal sac in the adult male

95
Q

Uterus

A

The hollow, pear-shaped organ of the female reproductive system that houses the fertilized, implanted ovum as it develops throughout pregnancy

The source of the monthly menstrual flow from the nonpregnant uterus

96
Q

Vagina

A

The muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva

97
Q

Vulva

A

The external genitalia that consists of the mons pubis, labia majora, clitoris, labia minora, vestibule, urinary meats, vaginal orifice, Bartholin’s glands, and the perineum

Pudendum

98
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstrual flow

99
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstrual flow

100
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormally long or very heavy menstrual periods

101
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Uterine bleeding at times other than the menstrual period

102
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Abnormally light or infrequent menstruation

103
Q

Abstinence

A

To abstain from having vaginal intercourse

104
Q

Oral contraceptives

A

Birth control pills

Contain synthetic forms of the estrogen and progesterone hormones and ave taken by the mouth

105
Q

Depo-provera injection

A

Form of contraception administered intramuscularly, approximately once every 12 weeks

106
Q

Intrauterine device

A

Small, plastic T-shaped object with strings attached to the leg of the T

Inserted into the uterus, through the vagina, and remains in place in the uterus

107
Q

Birth control patch

A

A thin, flexible square patch that continuously delivers hormones through the skin and into the bloodstream for a full seven days to prevent pregnancy

Contains hormones similar to those in birth control pills but must be changed every seven days

108
Q

Contraceptive ring

A

A flexible contraceptive ring ( placed into the vagina) that slowly releases a low dose of hormones that prevent pregnancy

109
Q

Barrier methods

A

Methods of birth control that place physical barriers between the cervix and the sperm so that the sperm cannot pass the cervix and enter the uterus and thus the fallopian tubes

110
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Surgically cutting and tying the fallopian tubes to prevent passage of ova or sperm through the tubes, consequently preventing pregnancy

Female sterilization

111
Q

Micro-insert system

A

An alternative to tubal ligation that provides bilateral occlusion of the fallopian tubes by inserting a soft, flexible micro-insert into each fallopian tube

112
Q

Vasectomy

A

Male sterilization

Surgically cutting and tying the vas deferens to prevent the passage of sperm, consequently preventing pregnancy

113
Q

Carcinoma of the breast

A

A malignant (cancerous) tumor of the breast tissue

114
Q

Cervical carcinoma

A

A malignant tumor of the cervix

115
Q

Cervicitis

A

An acute or chronic inflammation of the uterine cervix

116
Q

Cystocele

A

Herniations or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina

117
Q

Endometrial carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the inner lining of the uterus

Adenocarcinoma of the uterus

118
Q

Endometriosis

A

The presence and growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the endometrium (lining of the uterus)

119
Q

Fibrocystic breast disease

A

The presence of single or multiple fluid-filled cysts that are palpable in the breasts

120
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fiber

121
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder, sac, or cyst

122
Q

Fibroid tumor

A

A benign, fibrous tumor of the uterus

123
Q

Leiomyoma

A

A benign, smooth-muscle tumor of the uterus

124
Q

Ovarian carcinoma

A

A malignant tumor of the ovaries, most commonly occurring in women in their 50s

125
Q
  • an
A

Characteristic of

126
Q

Ovarian cysts

A

Benign, globular sacs (cysts) that form on or near the ovaries

127
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

Infection of the Fallopian tubes

Salpingitis

128
Q

Stress incontinence, urinary

A

The ability to hold urine when the bladder is stressed by sneezing, coughing, laughing, or lifting

129
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina and the vulva

130
Q

Aspiration biopsy

A

An invasive procedure in which a needle is inserted into an area of the body, such as the breast, to withdraw a tissue or fluid sample for microscopic examination and diagnosis

131
Q

Breast self-examination (BSE)

A

A procedure in which the woman examines her breasts and surrounding tissue for evidence of any changes that could indicate the possibility of malignancy

132
Q

Colposcopy

A

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope

133
Q

Cone biopsy

A

Surgical removal of a cone -shaped segment of the cervix for diagnosis or treatment

conization

134
Q

Colp/o

A

Vagina

135
Q

-Scopy

A

Process of viewing

136
Q

Cryosurgery

A

The destruction of tissue by rapid freezing with substances such as liquid nitrogen

137
Q

Culdocentesis

A

The surgical puncture through the posterior wall of the vagina into the cul-de- sac to withdraw intraperitoneal fluid for examination

138
Q

Culd/o

A

Cul-de-sac

139
Q

-Centesis

A

Surgical puncture

140
Q

Dilation and curettage

A

Dilation or widening of the cervical canal with a dilator, followed by scraping of the uterine lining with a curet

D&C

141
Q

Endometrial biopsy

A

Invasive test for obtaining a sample of endometrial tissue (with a small curet) for examination

142
Q

Hysterosalpingography

A

X-ray of the uterus and the fallopian tubes by injecting a contrast material into these structures

143
Q

Laparoscopy

A

The process of viewing the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope (a thin-walled flexible tube with a telescopic lens and light)

144
Q

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

A

A procedure used to remove abnormal cells from the surface of the cervix using a thin wire loop that acts like a scalpel

A painless electrical current passes through the loop as it cuts away a thin layer of surface cells from the cervix

145
Q

Mammography

A

The process of examining with X-ray the soft tissue of the breasts to detect various benign and/or malignant growths before they can be felt

146
Q

Papanicolaou (pap) smear

A

A diagnostic test for cervical cancer

Microscopic examination of cells scraped from within the cervix (endocervix), from around the cervix (ectocervix), and from the posterior part of the vagina ( near the cervix) to test for cervical cancer

Pap test

147
Q

Liquid-based pap (LBP)

A

A process of collecting a tissue sample from the endocervix and the exocervix with a sampling device that is placed directly into a liquid fixative instead of being spread onto a glass slide

148
Q

Pelvic ultrasound

A

A noninvasive procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to examine the abdomen and pelvis

149
Q

Pelvimetry

A

The process of measuring the female pelvis, manually or by X-ray, to determine its adequacy for childbearing

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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