Chapter 17: The Female Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
Adnexa
A
Tissues or structures in the body that are next to or near another
As in the uterus the adnexa consists of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and ligaments of the uterus
2
Q
Areola
A
The darker pigmented, circular area surrounding the nipple of each breast
Areola memmae or the areola papillaris
3
Q
Bartholin’s glands
A
Two small, mucus-secreting glands located on the posterior and lateral aspects of the entrance to the vagina
4
Q
Cervical dysplasia
A
The presence of abnormal tissue in the uterine cervix
This atypical tissue may be precancerous
5
Q
Cervic/o
A
Cervix (neck of the uterus)
6
Q
-Al
A
Pertaining to
7
Q
Dys-
A
Back, difficult, painful, disordered
8
Q
-Plasia
A
Formation or development
9
Q
Cervix
A
The part of the utters that protrudes into the cavity of the vagina
The neck of the uterus
10
Q
Climacteric
A
The cessation of menstruation
Menopause
11
Q
Clitoris
A
The vaginal erectile tissue (structure) corresponding to the male penis
12
Q
Coitus
A
The sexual union of two people of the opposite sex in which the penis is introduced into the vagina
Sexual intercourse or copulation
13
Q
Colpopexy
A
Surgical fixation of a relaxed vaginal wall
14
Q
Colp/o
A
Vagina
15
Q
-Pexy
A
Surgical fixation
16
Q
Corpus luteum
A
A yellowish mass that forms within the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation, containing high levels of progesterone and some estrogen
Functions as a temporary endocrine gland for the purpose of secreting estrogen and large amounts progesterone, which will sustain pregnancy (should it occur) until the placenta forms
It pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will degenerate approximately three days prior to the beginning of menstruation
17
Q
Cul-de-sac
A
A pouch located between the uterus and rectum within the peritoneal cavity
Formed by one of the ligaments that serves as support to the uterus
Blood, pus, and other drainage collect in the cul-de-sac
18
Q
Diaphragm
A
A term used in gynecology to represent a form of contraception
19
Q
Ectopic pregnancy
A
Abnormal implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity
Tubal pregnancy
20
Q
Ecto-
A
Outside
21
Q
Endometrium
A
The inner lining of the uterus
22
Q
Endo-
A
Within
23
Q
Metri/o
A
Uterus
24
Q
-Um
A
Noun ending
25
Episiotomy
A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the woman's perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for the delivery of the baby
Usually made shortly befor the baby's birth (second stage of labor) to prevent tearing of the perineum
26
Episi/o
Vulva
27
-Otomy
Incision into
28
Estrogen
One of the female hormones that promotes the development of the female secondary sex characteristics
29
Fallopian tubes
One of a pair of tubes opening at one end into the uterus and at the other end into the peritoneal cavity, over the ovary
30
Fertilization
The union of a male sperm and a female ovum
31
Fimbriae
The fingerlike end of the Fallopian tube
32
Fourchette
A tense band of mucous membrane at the posterior rim of the vaginal opening
The point at which the labia minora connect
33
fundus
The dome-shaped central, upper portion of the uterus between the points of insertion of the Fallopian tubes
34
Galactorrhea
Discharge or flow of milk from the breasts of women who are not breastfeeding
Not associated with childbirth or nursing of an infant
35
Galact/o
Milk
36
-rrhea
Discharge
Flow
37
Gamete
A mature sperm or ovum
38
Gonads
A gamete-producing gland such as an ovary or a testis
39
Graafian follicles
A mature, fully developed ovarian cyst containing the ripe ovum
40
Gynecologist
A physician who specializes in the medical specialty that deals with diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
41
Gynec/o
Women
42
-Logist
One who specializes in the study of
43
Gynecology
The branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
44
-Logy
The study of
45
Hymen
A thin layer of elastic, connective tissue membrane that forms a border around the outer opening of the vagina and may partially cover the vaginal opening
46
Hysterosalpingography
An X-ray of the uterus and the Fallopian tubes by injecting a contrast material into these structures
47
Hyster/o
Uterus
48
Salping/o
Fallopian tubes
49
-Graphy
Process of reading
50
Labia majora
Two folds of skin containing fatty tissue and covered with hair that lie on either side of the vaginal opening, extending from the mons pubis to the perineum
The outer surface is covered by pubic hair
The inner surface is smooth and moist
51
Labia minora
Two folds of hairless skin located within the folds of the labia majora
Extends from the clitoris downward toward the perineum
52
Lumpectomy
Surgical removal of only the tumor and the immediate adjacent breast tissue
A method of treatment for breast cancer when detected in the early stage of the disease
53
Mammary glands
The female breasts
54
Mamm/o
Breast
55
-Ary
Pertaining to
56
Mastectomy
Surgical removal of the breast as a treatment method for breast cancer
Can be simple (breast only), modified radical (breast plus lymph nodes in axilla), or radical (breast, lymph nodes, and chest muscles on affected side)
57
Mast/o
Breast
58
-Ectomy
Surgical removal
59
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast
60
meatus
An opening or tunnel through any part of the body
61
Menarche
Onset of menstruation
The first menstrual period
62
Men/o
Menstruation
63
-Arche
Beginning
64
Menometrorrhagia
Excessive flow of menstrual period and at times other than the menstraul period
65
-rrhagia
Excessive flow or discharge
66
Menopause
The permanent cessation (stopping) of the menstrual cycles
67
menorrhea
Menstraul flow
Menstruation
68
Menses
Another name for menstruation or menstrual flow
69
Menstruation
The pentode shedding of the lining of the nonpregnant uterus through a bloody discharge that passes through the vagina to the outside of the body
Occurs months intervals and lasts for 3 to 5 days
70
Myometrium
The muscular layer of the uterine wall
71
My/o
Muscle
72
Nulligravida
A woman who has never been pregnant
73
Nulli-
None
74
-gravida
Pregnancy
75
Nullipara
A women who has never completed pregnancy beyond 20 weeks' gestation
76
-Para
To bear
77
Orifice
The entrance or outlet of any body cavity
As in the vaginal orifice
78
Ovariorrhexis
Rupture of an ovary
79
Ovari/o
Ovary
80
-rrhexis
Rupture
81
Ovary
One of a pair of female gonads responsible for producing mature ova (eggs) and releasing them at monthly intervals (ovulation)
Also responsible for producing the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone
82
Ov/o
Egg
83
Ovulation
The release of the mature ovum from the ovary, occurring approximately 14 days prior to the beginning of menses
84
Ovum
The female reproductive cell
Female sex cell or egg
85
Perineum
The area between the vaginal orifice and the anus that consists of muscular and fibrous tissue and serves as support for the pelvic structures
86
Pregnancy
The period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception through birth
Lasts approximately 40 weeks
Gestational period
87
Premenstraul syndrome
A group of symptoms that include irritability, fluid retention, tenderness of the breasts, and a general feeling of depression occurring shortly before the onset of menstruation
PMS
88
Primigravida
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
89
Primi-
First
90
Primipara
A women who has given birth for the first time, after pregnancy of at least 20 weeks' gestation
91
Progesterone
One of the female hormones secreted by the corpus luteum and the placenta
Primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized and and for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertilized ovum
92
Puberty
The period of life at which the ability to reproduce begins
That is, in the female, it is the period when the female reproductive organs are fully developed
93
Sperm
A mature male germ cell
Spermatozoon
94
Testes
The paired male gonads that produce sperm
Suspended in the scrotal sac in the adult male
95
Uterus
The hollow, pear-shaped organ of the female reproductive system that houses the fertilized, implanted ovum as it develops throughout pregnancy
The source of the monthly menstrual flow from the nonpregnant uterus
96
Vagina
The muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva
97
Vulva
The external genitalia that consists of the mons pubis, labia majora, clitoris, labia minora, vestibule, urinary meats, vaginal orifice, Bartholin’s glands, and the perineum
Pudendum
98
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual flow
99
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstrual flow
100
Menorrhagia
Abnormally long or very heavy menstrual periods
101
Metrorrhagia
Uterine bleeding at times other than the menstrual period
102
Oligomenorrhea
Abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
103
Abstinence
To abstain from having vaginal intercourse
104
Oral contraceptives
Birth control pills
Contain synthetic forms of the estrogen and progesterone hormones and ave taken by the mouth
105
Depo-provera injection
Form of contraception administered intramuscularly, approximately once every 12 weeks
106
Intrauterine device
Small, plastic T-shaped object with strings attached to the leg of the T
Inserted into the uterus, through the vagina, and remains in place in the uterus
107
Birth control patch
A thin, flexible square patch that continuously delivers hormones through the skin and into the bloodstream for a full seven days to prevent pregnancy
Contains hormones similar to those in birth control pills but must be changed every seven days
108
Contraceptive ring
A flexible contraceptive ring ( placed into the vagina) that slowly releases a low dose of hormones that prevent pregnancy
109
Barrier methods
Methods of birth control that place physical barriers between the cervix and the sperm so that the sperm cannot pass the cervix and enter the uterus and thus the fallopian tubes
110
Tubal ligation
Surgically cutting and tying the fallopian tubes to prevent passage of ova or sperm through the tubes, consequently preventing pregnancy
Female sterilization
111
Micro-insert system
An alternative to tubal ligation that provides bilateral occlusion of the fallopian tubes by inserting a soft, flexible micro-insert into each fallopian tube
112
Vasectomy
Male sterilization
Surgically cutting and tying the vas deferens to prevent the passage of sperm, consequently preventing pregnancy
113
Carcinoma of the breast
A malignant (cancerous) tumor of the breast tissue
114
Cervical carcinoma
A malignant tumor of the cervix
115
Cervicitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of the uterine cervix
116
Cystocele
Herniations or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina
117
Endometrial carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the inner lining of the uterus
Adenocarcinoma of the uterus
118
Endometriosis
The presence and growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the endometrium (lining of the uterus)
119
Fibrocystic breast disease
The presence of single or multiple fluid-filled cysts that are palpable in the breasts
120
Fibr/o
Fiber
121
Cyst/o
Bladder, sac, or cyst
122
Fibroid tumor
A benign, fibrous tumor of the uterus
123
Leiomyoma
A benign, smooth-muscle tumor of the uterus
124
Ovarian carcinoma
A malignant tumor of the ovaries, most commonly occurring in women in their 50s
125
- an
Characteristic of
126
Ovarian cysts
Benign, globular sacs (cysts) that form on or near the ovaries
127
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Infection of the Fallopian tubes
Salpingitis
128
Stress incontinence, urinary
The ability to hold urine when the bladder is stressed by sneezing, coughing, laughing, or lifting
129
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina and the vulva
130
Aspiration biopsy
An invasive procedure in which a needle is inserted into an area of the body, such as the breast, to withdraw a tissue or fluid sample for microscopic examination and diagnosis
131
Breast self-examination (BSE)
A procedure in which the woman examines her breasts and surrounding tissue for evidence of any changes that could indicate the possibility of malignancy
132
Colposcopy
Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope
133
Cone biopsy
Surgical removal of a cone -shaped segment of the cervix for diagnosis or treatment
conization
134
Colp/o
Vagina
135
-Scopy
Process of viewing
136
Cryosurgery
The destruction of tissue by rapid freezing with substances such as liquid nitrogen
137
Culdocentesis
The surgical puncture through the posterior wall of the vagina into the cul-de- sac to withdraw intraperitoneal fluid for examination
138
Culd/o
Cul-de-sac
139
-Centesis
Surgical puncture
140
Dilation and curettage
Dilation or widening of the cervical canal with a dilator, followed by scraping of the uterine lining with a curet
D&C
141
Endometrial biopsy
Invasive test for obtaining a sample of endometrial tissue (with a small curet) for examination
142
Hysterosalpingography
X-ray of the uterus and the fallopian tubes by injecting a contrast material into these structures
143
Laparoscopy
The process of viewing the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope (a thin-walled flexible tube with a telescopic lens and light)
144
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
A procedure used to remove abnormal cells from the surface of the cervix using a thin wire loop that acts like a scalpel
A painless electrical current passes through the loop as it cuts away a thin layer of surface cells from the cervix
145
Mammography
The process of examining with X-ray the soft tissue of the breasts to detect various benign and/or malignant growths before they can be felt
146
Papanicolaou (pap) smear
A diagnostic test for cervical cancer
Microscopic examination of cells scraped from within the cervix (endocervix), from around the cervix (ectocervix), and from the posterior part of the vagina ( near the cervix) to test for cervical cancer
Pap test
147
Liquid-based pap (LBP)
A process of collecting a tissue sample from the endocervix and the exocervix with a sampling device that is placed directly into a liquid fixative instead of being spread onto a glass slide
148
Pelvic ultrasound
A noninvasive procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to examine the abdomen and pelvis
149
Pelvimetry
The process of measuring the female pelvis, manually or by X-ray, to determine its adequacy for childbearing
