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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14: Special Senses (eyes) > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Special Senses (eyes) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ambiopia

A

Double vision caused by each eye focusing separately

Also known as diplopia

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2
Q

Ambi-

A

Both sides

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3
Q

-opia

A

Visual condition

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4
Q

Amblyopia

A

Reduced vision that is not correctable with lenses and with no obvious pathological or structural cause (“dullness or dimness or vision’)

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5
Q

Ambly/o

A

Dull, dim

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6
Q

Ametropia

A

A condition in which there is an error of retraction, causing the eyenot to focus parallel rays of light on the retina

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7
Q

-tropia

A

To turn

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8
Q

Anisocoria

A

Inequality in the diameter of the pupils of the eyes

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9
Q

Aniso-

A

Unequal

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10
Q

Cor/o

A

Pupil

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11
Q

-ia

A

Condition

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12
Q

aphakia

A

Absence of the lens of the eye

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13
Q

A-

A

Without, not

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14
Q

Phak/o

A

Lens

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15
Q

Aqueous

A

Watery

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16
Q

Aque/o

A

Water

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17
Q

-Ous

A

Pertaining to

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18
Q

Argyll-Robertson pupil

A

A pupil that constricts upon accommodation but not in response to light

This can be due to miosis or advanced neurosyphilis

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19
Q

Biomicroscopy

A

Ophthalmic examination of the eye by use of a slit lamp and a magnifying lens

Also known us a slit-lamp exam

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20
Q

Bio-

A

Life

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21
Q

Micr/o

A

Small

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22
Q

-Scopy

A

Process of viewing

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23
Q

Blepharochalasis

A

Relaxation of the skin of the eyelid (usually the upper eyelid). The skin may droop over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open

Also known as dermatochalasis

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24
Q

Blephar/o

A

Eyelid

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25
Q

Blepharoptosis

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid

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26
Q

-Ptosis

A

Dropping or prolapse

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27
Q

Blepharospasm

A

A twitching of the eyelid muscles

May be due to eyestrain or nervous irritability

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28
Q

-Spasm

A

Twitching, involuntary contraction

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29
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye

May be caused by a bacterial infection, a viral infection, allergy, or a response to the environment

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30
Q

Conjunctiv/o

A

Conjunctiva

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31
Q

Corneal

A

Pertaining to the cornea

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32
Q

Corne/o

A

Cornea

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33
Q
  • al
A

Pertaining to

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34
Q

Cycloplegia

A

Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye

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35
Q

Cycl/o

A

Ciliary body

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36
Q

-Plegia

A

Paralysis

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37
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal (tear) gland

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38
Q

Dacry/o

A

Tears

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39
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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40
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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41
Q

Dacryorrhea

A

Excessive flow of tears

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42
Q

-rrhea

A

Discharge, flow

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43
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision caused by each eye focusing separately

Ambiopia

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44
Q

Dipl/o

A

Double

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45
Q

Ectropion

A

Eversion (turning outward) of the edge of the eyelid

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46
Q

Emmetropia

A

A state of normal vision

The eye is at rest and the image is focused directly on the retina

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47
Q

entropion

A

Inversion (turning inward) of the edge of the eyelid

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48
Q

Episcleritis

A

Inflammation of the outermost layers of the sclera

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49
Q

Epi-

A

Upon

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50
Q

Scler/o

A

Hard

Also refers to sclera of the eye

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51
Q

esotropia

A

An obvious inward turning of one eve in relation to the other we

Also called crosseyes

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52
Q

eso-

A

Within

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53
Q

-tropia

A

To turn

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54
Q

Exotropia

A

An obvious outward turning of one eye in relation to the other eye

Also called walleye

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55
Q

Exo-

A

Outward

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56
Q

Extraocular

A

Pertaining to outside the eye

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57
Q

Extra-

A

Outside, beyond

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58
Q

Ocul/o

A

Eye

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59
Q

-Ar

A

Pertaining to

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60
Q

Floaters

A

One or more spots that appear to drift, or “float”, across the visual field

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61
Q

Funduscopy

A

The examination of the funds of the eye, the base or the deepest part of the eye, with an instrument called an ophthalmoscope through a procedure called ophthalmoscopy

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62
Q

Hemianopsia

A

Loss of vision, or blindness, in one-half of the visual field

Also known as hemianopia

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63
Q

Hemi-

A

Half

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64
Q

An-

A

Without

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65
Q

Iridocyclitis

A

Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body of the eye

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66
Q

Irid/o

A

Iris

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67
Q

Iritis

A

Inflammation of the iris

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68
Q

Ir/o

A

Iris

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69
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva of the eye

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70
Q

Kerat/o

A

Hard, horny

Also refers to cornea of the eye

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71
Q

Keratoconus

A

A cone -shaped protrusion (bulging) of The Center of the cornea, not accompanied by inflammation, usually associated with thinning of the cornea

The bulging results in distorted vision

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72
Q

Keratomycosis

A

A fungal growth present on the cornea

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73
Q

Myc/o

A

Fungus

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74
Q

Lacrimal

A

Pertaining to tears

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75
Q

Lacrim/o

A

Tears

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76
Q

Lacrimation

A

The secretion of tears from the lacrimal glands

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77
Q

Miosis

A

Abnormal constriction of the pupil of the eye

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78
Q

Mi/o

A

Smaller

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79
Q

miotic

A

An agent that causes the pupil of the eye to constrict

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80
Q

-Sis

A

Condition

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81
Q

-Tic

A

Pertaining to

82
Q

Mydriasis

A

Abnormal dilation of the pupil of the eye

83
Q

Mydr/o

A

Widen

84
Q

-iasis

A

Presence of an abnormal condition

85
Q

Mydriatic

A

An agent that causes the pupil of the eye to dilate

86
Q

Nasolacrimal

A

Pertaining to the nose and the lacrimal (tear) ducts

87
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

88
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary, rhythmic jerking movements of the eye

These “quivering” movements may be from side to side, up and down, or a combination of both

89
Q

Ophthalmologists

A

A medical doctor (M.D.) who specializes in the comprehensive care of the eye and visual system in the prevention and treatment of eye disease and injury

Medically trained specialist who can deliver total eye care and diagnose general diseases of the body affecting the eye

90
Q

Ophthalm/o

A

Eye

91
Q

-Logist

A

One who specializes in the study of

92
Q

Ophthalmology

A

The branch of medicine that specializes in the study of the diseases and disorders of the eye

93
Q

-Logy

A

The study of

94
Q

Ophthalmopathy

A

Any disease of the eye

95
Q

-Pathy

A

Disease

96
Q

Optic

A

Pertaining to the eyes or to sight

97
Q

Opt/o

A

Eye, vision

98
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

99
Q

Optician

A

A health professional (not an M.D.) who specializes in filling prescriptions for corrective lenses for glasses or for contact lenses

100
Q

Optic/o

A

Eye, vision

101
Q

-ian

A

Specialist in the field of study

102
Q

Optometrist

A

Doctor of optometry (O.D.) is responsible for examination of the eye, and associated structures - to determine vision problems

Can prescribe lenses or optical aids

103
Q

Metr/o

A

To measure

104
Q

-ist

A

Practitioner

105
Q

Palpebral

A

Pertaining to the eyelid

106
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic disc, visible upon ophthalmoscopic examination of the interior of the eye

107
Q

Photophobia

A

Abnormal sensitivity to light, especially the eyes

108
Q

Phot/o

A

Light

109
Q

-Phobia

A

Abnormal fear

110
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of accommodation for near vision

Poor near-vision due to the natural aging process

111
Q

Presby/o

A

Old age

112
Q

Pupillary

A

Pertaining to the pupil of the eye

113
Q

Retinopathy

A

Any disease of the retina

114
Q

Retin/o

A

Retina

115
Q

Sclerectomy

A

Excision, or removal, of a portion of the sclera of the eye

116
Q

-Ectomy

A

Surgical removal

117
Q

Scotoma

A

An area of depressed vision (blidness) within the usual visual field, surrounded by an area of normal vision

An abnormal “blind spot”

118
Q

Scot/o

A

Darkness

119
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

120
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

121
Q

Vitreous

A

Pertaining to the vitreous body of the eye

122
Q

Vitre/o

A

Glassy

123
Q

Astigmatism

A

A refractive error causing light rays entering the eye to be focused irregularly on the retina due to an abnormally shaped cornea or lens

124
Q

Blepharitis

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins stemming from seborrheic, allergies, or bacterial origin

125
Q

Blepharoptosis

Ptosis

A

Occurs when the eyelid partially or entirely covers the eye as a result of a weakened muscles

126
Q

Blindness

A

Loss of the sense of sight, or extreme visual limitations

127
Q

Color blindness

A

An inability to perceive visual colors sharply

128
Q

Cataract

A

The lens in the eye becomes progressively cloudy, losing its normal transparency and thus altering the perception of images due to the inteterence of light transmission to the retina

129
Q

Chalazion

A

A cyst or nodule on the eyelid, resulting from an obstruction of a meibumian gland, which is responsible for lubricating the margins of the eyelid

130
Q

Conjunctivitis, acute

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front part of the eyeball

“Pink eye”

131
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

A disruption of the cornea’s surface epithelium commonly caused by an eyelash, a small foreign body, contact lenses, or a scratch from a fingernail

132
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Occurs as a consequence of long-term or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus in which the tissues of the retina experience scarring

133
Q

Entropion

A

“Turning out” or version of the eyelash margins (especially the lower eyelid) from the eyeball, leading to exposure of the eyelid and eyeball surface and lining

134
Q

Entropion

A

” Turning in” of the eyelash margins (especially the lower margins), resulting in the sensation similar to that of a foreign body in the eye (redness, tearing, burning, and itching)

135
Q

Exophthalmia

A

An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball(s) typically due to an expanded volume of the orbital contents

The eye (s) appear to bulge forward

136
Q

Glaucoma

A

Ocular disorders identified as a group due to the increase in intraocular pressure, causing damage to the optic nerve

137
Q

Hemianopsia

A

Loss of vision or blindness in one-half of the visual field

138
Q

Hordeolum

Stye

A

Bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle or sebaceous gland onginating with redness, swelling, and mild tenderness in the margins of the eyelash

139
Q

Hyperopia

A

A refractive error in which the lens of the eyes cannot focus on an image accurately, resulting in impaired close vision that is blurred due to the light rays being focused behind the retina because the eyeball is shorter than normal

140
Q

hyphema

hyphemia

A

A bleed into the anterior number of the eye, resulting from a postoperative complication or from a blunt eye injury

141
Q

Keratitis

A

Corneal inflammation caused by microorganisms, trauma to the eye,a break in the sensory innovation of the cornea, a hypersensitivity reaction, or a tearing defect (may be due to dry eyes or ineffective eyelid closure)

142
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Progressive deterioration of the retinal cells in the macula due to aging

Known as senile or age-related macular degenerative (ARMD), this condition is a common and progressive cause of visual deficiency and permanent reading impairment in the adult over 65 years of age

143
Q

Myopia

A

A refractive error in which the lens of the eye cannot focus on an image accurately, resulting in impaired distance vision that is blurred due to the light rays being focused in front of the retina because the eyeball is longer than normal

Nearsightedness

144
Q

Nyctalopia

Night blidness

A

Inadequate vision at night or in faint lighting following reduction in the synthesis of rhodopsin, a compound in the rods of the retina that enables the eye to adjust to low-density light

145
Q

Nystagmus

A

Vertical, horizontal, rotary, or mixed rhythmic involuntary movements of the eye caused by use of alcohol or certain drugs, lesions on the brain or inner ear, congenital abnormalities, nerve injury at birth, or abnormal retinal development

May not be apparent to the patient

146
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum

A

A purulent (contains pus) inflammation of the conjunctiva and lor cornea in the newborn

147
Q

Ne/o

A

New

148
Q

Nat/i

A

Pertaining to birth

149
Q

Presbyopia

A

A refractive error occurring after the age of 40, when the lens of the eyes cannot focus on an image accurately due to its decreasing loss of elasticity

150
Q

Pterygium

A

An irregular growth of fibrovascular tissue from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, usually on the nasal side of the cornea, that can disrupt vision if it extends over the pupil

151
Q

Retinal detachment

A

The partial or complete spitting away of the retina from the pigmented vascular layer called the choroid, interrupting vascular supply to the retina and thus creating a medical emergency

152
Q

Retinal tear

A

An opening in the retina that allows leakage of vitreous humour under the retina

153
Q

Scleritis

A

The presence of inflammation in the white, outside covering of the eyeball (the sclera)

154
Q

Scotoma

A

Defined area in one or both eyes that has a decreased visual function

155
Q

Strabismus

A

Failure of the eye to gaze in the same direction due to weakness in the muscles controlling the position of one eye

156
Q

Synechia

A

An adhesion in the eye that develops as a complication of trauma, inflammation, or surgery or as a secondary condition of one of the following pathological conditions: cataracts, glaucoma, keratitis, or uveitis

157
Q

Trachoma

A

An infections eye disease caused by chlamydia trachomatis, which is chronic and will lead to blindness without effective treatment

158
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of all or part of the middle vascular layer of the eye made up of the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid

159
Q

Corneal transplant

A

Surgical transplantation of a donor cornea (cadaver’s) into the eyes of a recipient, often under general anesthesia

160
Q

Electronystagmography

A

A group of tests used in evaluating the vestibula-ocular reflex

161
Q

Electroretinogram (ERG)

A

A recording of the changes in the electrical potential of the retina after the stimulation of light

162
Q

Extracapsular cataracts

A

Surgical removal of the anterior segment of the lens capsule along with the lens, allowing for the insertion of an intraocular lens implant

163
Q

Fluorescein staining

A

Application of a fluorescein-stained sten’te filter paper strip moistened with a few drops of sterile saline or sterile anesthetic solution to the lower cul-de-sac of the eye to visualize a corneal abrasion

164
Q

Gonioscopy

A

Process of viewing the anterior chamber angle of the eye for evaluation, management, and classification of normal and abnormal angle structures

165
Q

Intraocular lens implant

A

Surgical process of cataract extraction and the insertion of an artificial lens in the patient’s eye

Restores visual acuity and provides improved depth perception, light refraction, and binocular vision

166
Q

Iridectomy

A

Extraction of a small segment of the iris to open an anterior chamber angle and permit the flow of aqueous humor between the anterior and posterior chambers, thus relieving the person’s intraocular pressure

167
Q

Karatoplasty

A

The transplantation of corneal tissue from one human eye to improve vision in the affected aye

Corneal grafting

168
Q

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

A

Procedure in the form of laser vision correction for nearsightedness (myopia)

169
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

The examination of the external and internal structures of the eye with an instrument called an ophthalmoscope

170
Q

Pachymetry

A

The measurement of the thickness of the cornea

171
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

Method of removing a lens by using ultrasound vibrations to split up the lens materials into tiny particles that can be suctioned out of the eye

172
Q

Photo-refractive keratectomy

A

Surgical procedure in which a few layers of corneal surface cells are shaved off by an excimer laser beam to flatten the cornea and reduce myopia

173
Q

Retinal photocoagulation

A

Surgical procedure that uses an argon laser to treat conditions such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, and diabetic retinopathy

174
Q

Slit-lamp exam

A

Examination of the external and internal structures of the eye, using a low-power microscope combined with a high-intensity light source that can be focused to slit as a slit beam

Biomicroscopy

175
Q

Tonometry

A

The process of determining the intraocular pressure by calculating the resistance of the eyeball to an applied force causing indentation

176
Q

Ton/o

A

Tension, tone

177
Q

Trabeculectomy

A

The surgical excision of a portion of corneoscleral tissue to decrease the intraocular pressure in persons with severe glaucoma

178
Q

Trabeculoplasty

A

The surgical creation of a permanent fistula used to drain fluid (aqueous humor) from the eye’s anterior chamber

Usually performed under general anesthesia

179
Q

Vitrectomy

A

Surgical removal of the vitreous from the middle of the eye

180
Q

Acc

A

Accommodation

181
Q

ARMD

A

Age-related macular degeneration

182
Q

cc

A

With correction (with glasses)

183
Q

ECCE

A

Extracapsular cataract extraction

184
Q

EOM

A

Extraocular movement

185
Q

ERG

A

Electroretinogram

186
Q

ICCE

A

Intracapsular cataract extraction

187
Q

IOL

A

Intraocular lens

188
Q

IOP

A

Intraocular pressure

189
Q

LASIK

A

Laser in situ keratomileusis

190
Q

OD

A

Right eye (ocular dexter)

191
Q

OS

A

Left eye (ocular sinister)

192
Q

OU

A

Each eye (oculus uterque)

193
Q

PEARL

A

Pupils equal and reactive to light

194
Q

PERLA

A

Pupils equal; react to light and accommodation

195
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils equal; round, react to light, and accommodation

196
Q

PK

A

Penetrating keratoplasty (corneal transplant)

197
Q

REM

A

Rapid eye movement

198
Q

sc

A

Without correction

199
Q

VA

A

Visual activity

200
Q

VF

A

Visual field

201
Q

VTX

A

Vitrectomy

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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