Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 9: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Blood Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Agglutination

A

The clumping of cells as a result of with specific antibodies called agglutinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Albumin

A

A plasma protein

Helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Allergen

A

A substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Allergy

A

A hypersensitive reaction to normally harms antigens, most of which are environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

An exaggerated, life-threating hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anisocytosis

A

An abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variance and abnormal size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aniso-

A

Unequal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

-Osis

A

Condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antibodies

A

Substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances

Each class of antibody is named for its action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ascites

A

An abnormal intraperitoneal (within the peritoneal cavity) accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of proteins and electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

basophil

A

An granulocytic while blood cell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic due

Represent 1% of less of the total white blood cell count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bilirubin

A

The orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Candidiasis

A

A type of yeast infection

Fungi Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carcinoma

A

A malignant neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carcin/o

A

Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Coagulation

A

The process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Corpuscle

A

Any cell of the body

A red or white blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cytokines

A

A group of proteins that are produced primary by white blood cells

Involved in cell-to-cell communication to coordinate antibody and immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cytotoxic

A

Pertaining to being destructive to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tox/o

A

Poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Differentiation

A

A process in development in which unspecialized alls or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dyscrasia

A

An abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Edema

A

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in intestinal spaces of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Electrophoresis

A

The movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electrical field

Charged particles of a given substance migrate in a predictable direction and at a characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Electr/o

A

Electrical

Electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

-Phoresis

A

Transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Embolus

A

A dislodged, circulating blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Embol/i

A

To throw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Embolism

A

An abnormal condition in which a blood clot (embolus) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Enzyme

A

An organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

eosinophil

A

A granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of course, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Eosin/o

A

Red, rosey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Erythremia

A

An abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

erythroblast

A

An immature red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

-Blast

A

Immature cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

erythrocyte

A

A mature red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

-cyte

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

The process of red blood cell production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

-Poiesis

A

Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Erythropoietin

A

A hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia (lack of oxygen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Fibrin

A

A stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Fibrinogen

A

A plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

globin

A

A group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Globulin

A

A plasma protein made in the liver

Helps in the synthesis of antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Granulocyte

A

A type of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Hematologist

A

A medical specialist in the field of hematology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

-Logist

A

One who specializes in the study of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Hematology

A

The scientific study of blood and blood-forming tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

-Logy

A

The study of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Heme

A

The pigmented, iron-containing, non protein portion of the hemoglobin molecule

Binds with and carries oxygen in the red blood cells, releasing it to tissues that give off excess amounts of carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Hemolysis

A

The breakdown of red blood alls and the release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

-Lysis

A

Destruction or detachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Hemorrhage

A

A loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or intentionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

-rrhage

A

Excessive flow or discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

hemostasis

A

The termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

-Stasis

A

Stopping or controlling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Heparin

A

A naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Hyperalbuminemia

A

An increased level of albumin in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Hyper-

A

Excessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Albumin/o

A

Protein (albumin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Hyperlipemia

A

An excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by a lipoprotein lipase deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Lip/o

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Hyperlipemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Ion

A

An electrically charged particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Leukocyte

A

A white blood cell, one of the formed elements of the circulating blood System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

leukocytopenia

A

An abnormal decrease in number of white blood alls to fewer than 5,000 culls per cubic millimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

-penia

A

Decrease in

Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of a part of the body due to an abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid within the interstitial spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

-Edema

A

Swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Lymphoscintigraphy

A

A special type of nuclear medicine imaging that provides pictures of the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Mega-

A

Large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

-Graphy

A

Process of recording

85
Q

megakaryocyte

A

An extremely large bone marrow cell

86
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

87
Q

Metastasize

A

To spread to distant parts of the body, as in the spread of tumor cells from one site to another

88
Q

Meta-

A

Beyond, after

89
Q

Monocyte

A

A large mononuclear leukocyte

90
Q

Mono-

A

One

91
Q

Myeloid

A

Of or pertaining to the bone marrow or the spinal cord

92
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

93
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

94
Q

Neutrophil

A

A polymorphonuclear (multilobed nucleus) granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes

95
Q

Pancytopenia

A

A marked reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

96
Q

Pan-

A

All

97
Q

-Penia

A

Deficiency

98
Q

Pica

A

A craving to eat unusual substances (non-food substance)

99
Q

Plasma

A

The watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended

100
Q

Platelet

A

A clotting cell

a thrombocytes

101
Q

Prothrombin

A

A plasma protein precursor of thrombin

Synthesizes in the liver it adequate Vitamin k is present

102
Q

Reticulocyte

A

An immature erythrocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern ot threads and particles at the former site of the nucleus

103
Q

Sarcoma

A

A malignant neoplasm of the connective and supportive tissue of the body, usually air it presenting as a painless swelling

104
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh

105
Q

Septicemia

A

Systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body

106
Q

Seroconversion

A

A change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine

107
Q

Serology

A

The branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluation antigen-antibody reactions

108
Q

Serum

A

Serum

Clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation

109
Q

Splenomegaly

A

An abnormal enlargement of the spleen

110
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen

111
Q

-Megaly

A

Enlargement

112
Q

Staphylococci

A

A group of bacteria that grow in grapelime cluster formation

Responsible tor pyogenic (pus-producing) infections

113
Q

Staphyl/o

A

Grape-like clusters

114
Q

-cocci

A

A group of bacteria

115
Q

Stem cell

A

A formative cell

a cell whose daughter cells many give rise to other all types

116
Q

streptococci

A

A group of bacteria that grow in a twisted, chainlike formation

117
Q

Strept/o

A

Twisted chain

118
Q

teletherapy

A

Radiation therapy administered by a machine positioned at some distance from the patient

119
Q

Tel/e

A

Distance

120
Q

-Therapy

A

Treatment

121
Q

Thrombin

A

An enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process

122
Q

Thrombocyte

A

A clotting cell

Platelet

123
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

124
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

An abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced

125
Q

Thromboplastin

A

A complex substance that initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ions

126
Q

Thrombosis

A

The formation or existence of a blood clot

127
Q

Thrombus

A

A clot

128
Q

Anemia

A

Describes a condition in which there is a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to levels below the normal range, resulting in the deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells

129
Q

An-

A

Without

130
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

131
Q

Anemia, aplastic

A

Bone marrow depression

Characterized by pancytopenia- an indecency of the formed blood elements

132
Q

Plast/o

A

Formation, development

133
Q

Anemia, hemolytic

A

Characterized by the extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction

134
Q

Anemia, iron deficiency

A

Iron deficiency anemia characterized by deficiency or hemoglobin level due to a lack of iron in the body

135
Q

Anemia, pernicious

A

Results from a deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation and circulation of megaloblasts with manned poikilocytosis and anisocytosis

136
Q

Anemia, sickle cell

A

Chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence Of low oxygen concentration

137
Q

Granuloytosis

A

Abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety inflammation or infections

138
Q

Granul/o

A

Granules

139
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemia’s

140
Q

Chromat/o

A

Color

141
Q

Hemophilia

A

Involves different heredity inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times

142
Q

Phil/o

A

Attraction to

143
Q

Leukemia

A

Excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia

144
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

A malignant plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma causes an increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells, which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure

145
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

An abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes, leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity (thickness)

146
Q

purpura

A

A collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discoloration

147
Q

Poly-

A

Many, much, excessive

148
Q

-cythemia

A

Condition involving cells of the blood

149
Q

Purpur/o

A

Purple

150
Q

Thalassemia

A

Hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBCs

151
Q

Direct antiglobulin test

A

Used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an rh-negative woman

152
Q

Bleeding time

A

Measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop

153
Q

Blood transfusion

A

An administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to replace blood lost through surgery, trauma, or disease

154
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

The microscopic exam of bone tissue, which fully evaluates hematopoesis by revealing the number, shape, and size of the RBCs and WBCs and platelet precursors

155
Q

Bone marrow transplant

A

After receiving an intravenous infusion of aggressive chemotherapy or total-body irradiation to destroy all malignant Wells and to inactivate the immune system, a donor’s bone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the patient

156
Q

Complete blood cell count (CBC)

A

A series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screens for problems in the hematologic system as well as in several other organ systems

157
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood

158
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

159
Q

Hematocrit

A

An assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume

160
Q

Hemoglobin test

A

Concentration measurement of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood

161
Q

-Globin

A

Containing protein

162
Q

Lipid profile

A

Measures the lipids in the blood

163
Q

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

A blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body

164
Q

Platelet count

A

The count of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood

165
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation

166
Q

Red blood cell count (RBC)

A

The measurement of the circulating number of RBCs in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood

167
Q

Red blood cell morphology

A

Examination of the RBC on a strained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify the form and shape of the RBCs

168
Q

Reticulocyte count

A

Measurement of the number of circulating reticulocytes, immature erythrocytes, in a blood specimen

169
Q

Rouleaux

A

Aggregation of RBCs viewed through the microscope that may be un artifact or may occur with persons with multiple myeloma as a result of abnormal proteins

170
Q

Schilling test

A

A diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia

171
Q

White blood cell (WBC) count

A

The measurement of the circulating number of WBCs in 1 cubic millimeter of peripheral blood

172
Q

White blood cell differential

A

Measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in 1 cubic millimeter of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count

173
Q

Ab

A

Antibody

174
Q

Ag

A

Antigen

175
Q

ABO

A

Blood groups: A, AB, B, and O

176
Q

AHF

A

Antihemophilic facter

177
Q

AHG

A

Antihemolytic globulin

178
Q

ALL

A

Acute lymphatic leukemia

179
Q

AML

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia

180
Q

BMT

A

Bone marrow transplant

181
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood (cell) count

182
Q

CLL

A

Cholesterol-lowering lipid chronic lymphocytic leukemia

183
Q

diff. diag.

A

Differential diagnosis

184
Q

eos.

A

Eosinophil

185
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

186
Q

G-CSF

A

Granulocyte colony - stimulating factor

187
Q

GM-CSF

A

Granulocyte- macrophage colony - stimulating factor

188
Q

Hb

A

Hemoglobin

189
Q

Hbg

A

Hemoglobin (also Hgb)

190
Q

Hct

A

Hematocrit

191
Q

HDL

A

High-density lipoprotein

192
Q

Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

193
Q

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

A

Immunoglobulin A, D, E, G, and M

194
Q

LDL

A

Low-density lipoprotein

195
Q

Lymph

A

Lymphocyte

196
Q

MCH

A

Mean cell hemoglobin

197
Q

MCHC

A

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

198
Q

MCV

A

Mean cell volume

199
Q

mono.

A

monocyte

200
Q

poly.

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

201
Q

PMN

A

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (leukocytes)

202
Q

PA

A

Pernicious anemia

203
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin time

204
Q

PTT

A

Partial thromboplastin time

205
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cell (erythnrocyte)

206
Q

segs

A

Segmented neutrophils

207
Q

VLDL

A

Very low-density lipoprotein

208
Q

WBC

A

White blood cell (leukocyte)

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions