Chapter 9: Blood Flashcards
1
Q
Agglutination
A
The clumping of cells as a result of with specific antibodies called agglutinins
2
Q
Albumin
A
A plasma protein
Helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure
3
Q
Allergen
A
A substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body
4
Q
Allergy
A
A hypersensitive reaction to normally harms antigens, most of which are environmental
5
Q
Anaphylaxis
A
An exaggerated, life-threating hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen
6
Q
Anisocytosis
A
An abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variance and abnormal size
7
Q
Aniso-
A
Unequal
8
Q
Cyt/o
A
Cell
9
Q
-Osis
A
Condition
10
Q
Antibodies
A
Substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances
Each class of antibody is named for its action
11
Q
ascites
A
An abnormal intraperitoneal (within the peritoneal cavity) accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of proteins and electrolytes
12
Q
basophil
A
An granulocytic while blood cell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic due
Represent 1% of less of the total white blood cell count
13
Q
Bilirubin
A
The orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span
14
Q
Candidiasis
A
A type of yeast infection
Fungi Candida albicans
15
Q
-iasis
A
Abnormal condition
16
Q
Carcinoma
A
A malignant neoplasm
17
Q
Carcin/o
A
Cancer
18
Q
-Oma
A
Tumor
19
Q
Coagulation
A
The process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood
20
Q
Corpuscle
A
Any cell of the body
A red or white blood cell
21
Q
Cytokines
A
A group of proteins that are produced primary by white blood cells
Involved in cell-to-cell communication to coordinate antibody and immune response
22
Q
Cytotoxic
A
Pertaining to being destructive to cells
23
Q
Tox/o
A
Poison
24
Q
Differentiation
A
A process in development in which unspecialized alls or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties
25
Dyscrasia
An abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility
26
Edema
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in intestinal spaces of tissues
27
Electrophoresis
The movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electrical field
Charged particles of a given substance migrate in a predictable direction and at a characteristics
28
Electr/o
Electrical
Electricity
29
-Phoresis
Transmission
30
Embolus
A dislodged, circulating blood clot
31
Embol/i
To throw
32
Embolism
An abnormal condition in which a blood clot (embolus) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessel
33
Enzyme
An organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reactions
34
eosinophil
A granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of course, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin
35
Eosin/o
Red, rosey
36
Erythremia
An abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
37
Erythr/o
Red
38
-emia
Blood condition
39
erythroblast
An immature red blood cell
40
Erythr/o
Red
41
-Blast
Immature cell
42
erythrocyte
A mature red blood cell
43
-cyte
Cell
44
Erythropoiesis
The process of red blood cell production
45
-Poiesis
Formation
46
Erythropoietin
A hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia (lack of oxygen)
47
Fibrin
A stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot
48
Fibrinogen
A plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions
49
globin
A group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin
50
Globulin
A plasma protein made in the liver
Helps in the synthesis of antibodies
51
Granulocyte
A type of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules
52
Hematologist
A medical specialist in the field of hematology
53
Hemat/o
Blood
54
-Logist
One who specializes in the study of
55
Hematology
The scientific study of blood and blood-forming tissue
56
-Logy
The study of
57
Heme
The pigmented, iron-containing, non protein portion of the hemoglobin molecule
Binds with and carries oxygen in the red blood cells, releasing it to tissues that give off excess amounts of carbon dioxide
58
Hemoglobin
A complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs
59
Hemolysis
The breakdown of red blood alls and the release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red cell
60
Hem/o
Blood
61
-Lysis
Destruction or detachment
62
Hemorrhage
A loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or intentionally
63
-rrhage
Excessive flow or discharge
64
hemostasis
The termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis
65
-Stasis
Stopping or controlling
66
Heparin
A naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body
67
Hyperalbuminemia
An increased level of albumin in the blood
68
Hyper-
Excessive
69
Albumin/o
Protein (albumin)
70
Hyperbilirubinemia
Greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood
71
Hyperlipemia
An excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by a lipoprotein lipase deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoproteins
72
Lip/o
Fat
73
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipemia
74
Ion
An electrically charged particle
75
Leukocyte
A white blood cell, one of the formed elements of the circulating blood System
76
Leuk/o
White
77
leukocytopenia
An abnormal decrease in number of white blood alls to fewer than 5,000 culls per cubic millimeter
78
-penia
Decrease in
Deficiency
79
Lymphedema
Swelling of a part of the body due to an abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid within the interstitial spaces
80
Lymph/o
Lymph
81
-Edema
Swelling
82
Lymphoscintigraphy
A special type of nuclear medicine imaging that provides pictures of the lymphatic system
83
Mega-
Large
84
-Graphy
Process of recording
85
megakaryocyte
An extremely large bone marrow cell
86
Kary/o
Nucleus
87
Metastasize
To spread to distant parts of the body, as in the spread of tumor cells from one site to another
88
Meta-
Beyond, after
89
Monocyte
A large mononuclear leukocyte
90
Mono-
One
91
Myeloid
Of or pertaining to the bone marrow or the spinal cord
92
Myel/o
Bone marrow, spinal cord
93
-oid
Resembling
94
Neutrophil
A polymorphonuclear (multilobed nucleus) granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes
95
Pancytopenia
A marked reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
96
Pan-
All
97
-Penia
Deficiency
98
Pica
A craving to eat unusual substances (non-food substance)
99
Plasma
The watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended
100
Platelet
A clotting cell
a thrombocytes
101
Prothrombin
A plasma protein precursor of thrombin
Synthesizes in the liver it adequate Vitamin k is present
102
Reticulocyte
An immature erythrocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern ot threads and particles at the former site of the nucleus
103
Sarcoma
A malignant neoplasm of the connective and supportive tissue of the body, usually air it presenting as a painless swelling
104
Sarc/o
Flesh
105
Septicemia
Systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body
106
Seroconversion
A change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine
107
Serology
The branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluation antigen-antibody reactions
108
Serum
Serum
Clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation
109
Splenomegaly
An abnormal enlargement of the spleen
110
Splen/o
Spleen
111
-Megaly
Enlargement
112
Staphylococci
A group of bacteria that grow in grapelime cluster formation
Responsible tor pyogenic (pus-producing) infections
113
Staphyl/o
Grape-like clusters
114
-cocci
A group of bacteria
115
Stem cell
A formative cell
a cell whose daughter cells many give rise to other all types
116
streptococci
A group of bacteria that grow in a twisted, chainlike formation
117
Strept/o
Twisted chain
118
teletherapy
Radiation therapy administered by a machine positioned at some distance from the patient
119
Tel/e
Distance
120
-Therapy
Treatment
121
Thrombin
An enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process
122
Thrombocyte
A clotting cell
Platelet
123
Thromb/o
Clot
124
Thrombocytopenia
An abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced
125
Thromboplastin
A complex substance that initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ions
126
Thrombosis
The formation or existence of a blood clot
127
Thrombus
A clot
128
Anemia
Describes a condition in which there is a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to levels below the normal range, resulting in the deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells
129
An-
Without
130
-emia
Blood condition
131
Anemia, aplastic
Bone marrow depression
Characterized by pancytopenia- an indecency of the formed blood elements
132
Plast/o
Formation, development
133
Anemia, hemolytic
Characterized by the extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction
134
Anemia, iron deficiency
Iron deficiency anemia characterized by deficiency or hemoglobin level due to a lack of iron in the body
135
Anemia, pernicious
Results from a deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation and circulation of megaloblasts with manned poikilocytosis and anisocytosis
136
Anemia, sickle cell
Chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence Of low oxygen concentration
137
Granuloytosis
Abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety inflammation or infections
138
Granul/o
Granules
139
Hemochromatosis
Rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemia’s
140
Chromat/o
Color
141
Hemophilia
Involves different heredity inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times
142
Phil/o
Attraction to
143
Leukemia
Excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia
144
Multiple myeloma
A malignant plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma causes an increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells, which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure
145
Polycythemia Vera
An abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes, leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity (thickness)
146
purpura
A collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discoloration
147
Poly-
Many, much, excessive
148
-cythemia
Condition involving cells of the blood
149
Purpur/o
Purple
150
Thalassemia
Hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBCs
151
Direct antiglobulin test
Used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an rh-negative woman
152
Bleeding time
Measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop
153
Blood transfusion
An administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to replace blood lost through surgery, trauma, or disease
154
Bone marrow biopsy
The microscopic exam of bone tissue, which fully evaluates hematopoesis by revealing the number, shape, and size of the RBCs and WBCs and platelet precursors
155
Bone marrow transplant
After receiving an intravenous infusion of aggressive chemotherapy or total-body irradiation to destroy all malignant Wells and to inactivate the immune system, a donor's bone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the patient
156
Complete blood cell count (CBC)
A series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screens for problems in the hematologic system as well as in several other organ systems
157
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood
158
Erythr/o
Red
159
Hematocrit
An assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume
160
Hemoglobin test
Concentration measurement of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood
161
-Globin
Containing protein
162
Lipid profile
Measures the lipids in the blood
163
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
A blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body
164
Platelet count
The count of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood
165
Prothrombin time (PT)
Blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation
166
Red blood cell count (RBC)
The measurement of the circulating number of RBCs in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood
167
Red blood cell morphology
Examination of the RBC on a strained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify the form and shape of the RBCs
168
Reticulocyte count
Measurement of the number of circulating reticulocytes, immature erythrocytes, in a blood specimen
169
Rouleaux
Aggregation of RBCs viewed through the microscope that may be un artifact or may occur with persons with multiple myeloma as a result of abnormal proteins
170
Schilling test
A diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia
171
White blood cell (WBC) count
The measurement of the circulating number of WBCs in 1 cubic millimeter of peripheral blood
172
White blood cell differential
Measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in 1 cubic millimeter of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count
173
Ab
Antibody
174
Ag
Antigen
175
ABO
Blood groups: A, AB, B, and O
176
AHF
Antihemophilic facter
177
AHG
Antihemolytic globulin
178
ALL
Acute lymphatic leukemia
179
AML
Acute myelogenous leukemia
180
BMT
Bone marrow transplant
181
CBC
Complete blood (cell) count
182
CLL
Cholesterol-lowering lipid chronic lymphocytic leukemia
183
diff. diag.
Differential diagnosis
184
eos.
Eosinophil
185
ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
186
G-CSF
Granulocyte colony - stimulating factor
187
GM-CSF
Granulocyte- macrophage colony - stimulating factor
188
Hb
Hemoglobin
189
Hbg
Hemoglobin (also Hgb)
190
Hct
Hematocrit
191
HDL
High-density lipoprotein
192
Hgb
Hemoglobin
193
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
Immunoglobulin A, D, E, G, and M
194
LDL
Low-density lipoprotein
195
Lymph
Lymphocyte
196
MCH
Mean cell hemoglobin
197
MCHC
Mean cell hemoglobin concentration
198
MCV
Mean cell volume
199
mono.
monocyte
200
poly.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
201
PMN
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (leukocytes)
202
PA
Pernicious anemia
203
PT
Prothrombin time
204
PTT
Partial thromboplastin time
205
RBC
Red blood cell (erythnrocyte)
206
segs
Segmented neutrophils
207
VLDL
Very low-density lipoprotein
208
WBC
White blood cell (leukocyte)
