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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11: Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Respiratory Tract Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Inspection

A

Visual examination of the external surface of the body as well as of its movements and posture

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2
Q

Palpation

A

Process of examining by application of the hands or fingers to the external surface of the body to detect evidence of disease or abnormalities in the various organs

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3
Q

Auscultation

A

Process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to sounds of thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect som abnormal condition or to detect fetal heart sounds

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4
Q

Percussion

A

Use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position, size, and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence of fluid or pus in the cavity

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5
Q

Adenoids

A

Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharynx

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6
Q

Alveoli

A

Air cells of the lungs

Pulmonary parenchyma

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7
Q

Apex

A

The upper portion of the lungs, rising about 2.5 to 5 cm above the collarbone

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8
Q

Aphonia

A

Without sound

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9
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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10
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

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11
Q

A-

A

Without, not, no

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12
Q

Phon/o

A

Sound

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13
Q

-ia

A

Condition

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14
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Without symptoms

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15
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of part or all of the lungs

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16
Q

Atel/o

A

Imperfect or incomplete

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17
Q

-ectasis

A

Stretching or dilation

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18
Q

Base

A

The lowest part of the lungs,r3ting on the diaphragm

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19
Q

Bronchi

A

The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement

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20
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchus

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21
Q

-i

A

Plural ending

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22
Q

Bronchiole

A

One of the smallest subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

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23
Q

Bronchi/o

A

Bronchiole

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24
Q

-ole

A

Small or little

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25
Q

Bronchorrhea

A

Discharge or drainage from the bronchial tubes

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26
Q

-rrhea

A

Discharge or flow

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27
Q

Capillaries

A

Any of the minute (tiny) blood vessels

Connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the beginning of the smallest veins (venules)

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28
Q

Diaphragm

A

The musculomembranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

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29
Q

Epiglottis

A

A thin, leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue

Covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows

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30
Q

Glottis

A

The sound-producing apparatus of the larynx, consisting of the two vocal folds and the intervening space

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31
Q

Laryngalgia

A

Pain in the larynx

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32
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Lower portion of the pharynx that extends from the vestibule of the larynx (the portion just above the vocal cords) to the lowermost cartilage of the larynx

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33
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx

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34
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx

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35
Q

Larynx

A

The enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue

The voice box

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36
Q

Mediastinum

A

The mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs

Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi

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37
Q

Nares

A

External nostrils

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38
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Part of the pharynx located above the soft plate (postnatal space)

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39
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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40
Q

Oropharynx

A

Central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft plate and upper portion of the epiglottis

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41
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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42
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

Lymphatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of faucets (the constricted opening leading from the mouth and the oral pharynx) and the pharynx

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43
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Hollow areas or cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity

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44
Q

Para-

A

Near, beside, beyond, two like parts

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45
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

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46
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus

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47
Q

-es

A

Plural ending

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48
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs

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49
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura

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50
Q

-a

A

Noun ending

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51
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to the esophagus

Serves both the respiratory and digestive systems

The throat

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52
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

The nerve known as the motor nerve to the diaphragm

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53
Q

Phren/o

A

Mind

Also refers to the diaphragm

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54
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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55
Q

Pleura

A

The double-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

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56
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura

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57
Q

Pleural spaces

A

The space that separates the visceral and parietal pleura, which contains a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant to the pleural surfaces during respiration

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58
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Pain in the pleura that occurs when the inflamed pleural membranes rub together during the breathing process

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59
Q

-dynia

A

Pain

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60
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

A lung condition resulting from inhalation of dust

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61
Q

Pneum/o

A

Lungs

Air

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62
Q

-osis

A

Condition

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63
Q

Pulmonary parenchyma

A

The functional units of the lungs which have very thin walls that allow for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

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64
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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65
Q

-ary

A

Pertaining to

66
Q

Septum

A

A wall dividing two cavities

67
Q

Sputum

A

Substance coughed up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea that is expelled through the mouth

Not the same as saliva,

68
Q

Thoracotomy

A

A surgical incision into the chest wall, to open the chest, usually in order to gain access to the lungs or heart

69
Q

Thorac/o

A

Thorax

Chest

70
Q

-otomy

A

Incision into

71
Q

Thorax

A

The chest

The part of the body between the base of the neck and the diaphragm

72
Q

Trachea

A

A cylinder-shaped tube lined with rings of cartilage (to keep it open) that is 4.5 inches long, from the larynx to the bronchial tubes

The windpipes

73
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea

74
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the intestinal organs

75
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

76
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus

77
Q

Epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis

78
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

79
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

80
Q

Phon/o

A

Sound

81
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

82
Q

-scope

A

An instrument used to view

83
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing

Without breathing

84
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

85
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow breathing

86
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

87
Q

Cough

A

A forceful and sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration

The glottis is particulate closed, the accessory muscles of expiration are brought into action, and the air is noisily expelled

88
Q

Cyanosis

A

Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

89
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

90
Q

Dysphonia

A

Difficulty in speaking

hoarseness

91
Q

Dyspnea

A

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain

92
Q

Epistaxis

A

Hemorrhage from the nose

Nosebleed

93
Q

Expectoration

A

Take act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageway leading to the lungs

94
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs

95
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

96
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

97
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

98
Q

-capnia

A

(Condition of) carbon dioxide content in the blood

99
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood

100
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen

101
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

Very deep, gasping type of respiration typically associated with severe diabetic acidosis

102
Q

Orthopnea

A

Respiratory condition in which there is difficulty in breathing in any but erect, sitting, or standing position

103
Q

Pleural rub

A

Friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space

104
Q

Rales

A

An abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by passage of air through bronchi that contain secretion or exudate or that are constructed by spasm or a thickening of their walls

Crackles

105
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Thin, watery discharge from the nose

106
Q

Rhonchi

A

Rattlings in the throat, especially when it resembles snoring

107
Q

Sneeze

A

To expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa

108
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh sound during respiration

High-pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to obstruction of air passageway

109
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormal rapidity of breathing

110
Q

Wheeze

A

A whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway

111
Q

Coryza

A

Inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes, known as rhinitis or the common cold

Term common cold is usually used when referring to symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection

112
Q

Croup

A

A childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, and laryngeal spasm

113
Q

Diphtheria

A

Serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx, usually resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever

114
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in dysphonia (hoarseness), cough, and difficulty swallowing

115
Q

Pertussis

A

An acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium

Whooping cough

116
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat

117
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually resulting in obstruction of the nasal passages, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and facial pressure or pain

Coryza

118
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus

119
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils, located in the area of the oropharynx

120
Q

Asthma

A

Paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane

121
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lungs

122
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes

Infections I’d often preceded by the common cold

123
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

A malignant lung tumor that originated in the bronchi

Lung cancer

124
Q

-genie

A

Pertaining to formation

Producing

125
Q

Carcin/o

A

Cancer

126
Q

Emphysema

A

A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increased beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls

127
Q

Empyema

A

Pus in the body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax)

Usually the result of a primary infection in the lungs

128
Q

Hyaline membrane disease

A

Also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the premature infant

Sever impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn

129
Q

Influenza

A

A highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract transmitted by airborne droplet infection

Also known as the flu

130
Q

Lung abscess

A

A localized collection of pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have migrated to the area to fight infection

131
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of the underlying portion of the lung, with resulting dyspnea

132
Q

Pleuritis

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura

133
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical reactions

134
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity

Air enters as a result of the pleura covering the lungs, causing the lung to collapse

135
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or the intestinal spaces

136
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

The obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by the thrombus (clot) that dislodges from another location and is carried through the venous system to the vessels of the lungs

137
Q

Embol/i

A

The throw

138
Q

-ism

A

Condition

139
Q

Pulmonary heart disease

For pulmonale

A

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart (with or without failure) resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest walls

Heart failure resulting from pulmonary disease

140
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A

The completely unexpected and unexplained death of and apparently well, or virtually well, infants

Crib deatht

141
Q

Tuberculosis

A

An infection disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis tubercle bacillus and characterized by inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles, and caseous (cheeselike) necrosis in the tissues of the lungs

Other organ systems may be infected

142
Q

Anthracosis

A

The accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust (black lung disease)

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

143
Q

Anthrac/o

A

Coal

144
Q

Asbestosis

A

Lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles

145
Q

Byssinosis

A

A lung disease resulting from inhalation of cotton, flax, and hemp

Brown lung disease

146
Q

Silicosis

A

Lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust, characterized by formation of small nodules

147
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

The examination of the interior of the bronchi using a lighted, flexible tube known as a bronchoscope (or endoscope)

148
Q

-scopy

A

Process of viewing

149
Q

Chest x-ray

A

The use of high-energy electromagnetic waves passing through the body onto a photographic film to produce a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapy

150
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

The examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube known as a laryngoscope (or endoscope)

151
Q

Nuclear perfusion lung scan

A

The visual imaging of the distribution of ventilation or blood flow in the lungs by scanning the lungs after the patient has been injected with or has inhaled radioactive material

152
Q

Pulmonary function tests

A

Physicians use this variety of tests to access respiratory function

153
Q

Putmon/o

A

Lung

154
Q

Sputum specimen

A

A specimen of material expectorated from the mother

If produced after a cough, it may contain (in addition to saliva) material from the throat and bronchi

155
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

156
Q

-centesis

A

Surgical puncture

157
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Surgical removal of the palatine tonsils

158
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal

159
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

160
Q

Tuberculin skin test (TST)

A

Used to determine past or present tuberculosis infection present in the body

Based on a positive skin reaction to the introduction of a purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tubercle bacilli, called tuberculin, into the skin

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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