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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10: The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Analgesic

A

Pertaining to relieving pain

A medication that relieves pain

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2
Q

anastomosis

A

A surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

Blood vessels may be performed to bypass an occluded area and restore normal blood flow to the heart

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3
Q

Aneurysm

A

Localized dilation of a weakened area of the wall of an artery

The weakened area balloons out with every pulsation of the artery

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4
Q

Aneurysm/o

A

Aneurysm

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5
Q

Aneurysmectomy

A

Surgical removal of the sac of an aneurysm

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6
Q

-Ectomy

A

Surgical removal

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7
Q

Anomaly

A

Deviation from normal

Birth defect

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8
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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9
Q

-Orexia

A

Appetite

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10
Q

Aplastic

A

Without development

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11
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain

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12
Q

ascites

A

An abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

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13
Q

asystole

A

Absence of contractions of the heart

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14
Q

-Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

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15
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) characterized by fatty deposits building up within the inner layers of the walls of larger arteries

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16
Q

Ather/o

A

Fatty

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17
Q

Scler/o

A

Hardening

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18
Q

Benign

A

noncancerous

Not progressive

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19
Q

Bruit

A

An abnormal sound or murmur heard with a stethoscope when listening to a carotid artery, organ, or gland

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20
Q

Cardiologist

A

One who specializes in the study of disease and disorders of the heart

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21
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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22
Q

-Logist

A

One who specializes in the study of

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23
Q

Cardiology

A

The study of the heart

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24
Q

-Logy

A

The study of

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25
Q

Carditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscles

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26
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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27
Q

Carotid endarterectomy

A

A surgical procedure performed to remove plaque buildup in the carotid arteries and facilitate blood how

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28
Q

Endo-

A

Within

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29
Q

Arter/o

A

Artery

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30
Q

Claudication

A

Cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation to the muscles of the legs

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31
Q

Coronary artery

A

One of the pair of arteries that branch from the aorta

Supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle

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32
Q

Coron/o

A

Heart

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33
Q

Cusp

A

Any one of the small flaps on the values of the heart

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34
Q

Dependent edema

A

A fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity

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35
Q

Diastole

A

The period of relaxation of the heart, alternating with the contraction phase known as systole

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36
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormal rhythm

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37
Q

Dys-

A

Bad, difficult, painful, disorder

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38
Q

-Rhythmia

A

Rhythm

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39
Q

Echocardiogram

A

The graphic outline or record of movements of structures of the heart produced by ultrasonography (ultrasound)

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40
Q

Echo-

A

Sound

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41
Q

-Gram

A

Record or picture

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42
Q

Edema

A

The localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissues, causing the area to swell

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43
Q

Embolus

A

A clot or part of a clot that has dislodged from another vessel and moved into a smaller vessel, possibly causing an obstruction to the flow of blood

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44
Q

Embol/i

A

To throw

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45
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

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46
Q

Epicardium

A

The inner layer of the pericardium, which is the double-folded membrane that encloses the heart

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47
Q

Epi-

A

Upon, over

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48
Q

hemostasis

A

Stopping or controlling the flow of blood

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49
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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50
Q

-stasis

A

Stopping

Controlling

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51
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver

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52
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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53
Q

-Megaly

A

Enlarged

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54
Q

Homan’s sign

A

Pain felt in the calf of the leg, or behind the knee, when the examiner is purposely dorsiflexing the foot of the patient

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55
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

An excessive level of fats in the blood

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56
Q

Hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 135 / 85 mmhg

High blood pressure

Arterial hypertension

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57
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

Less than normal blood pressure reading

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58
Q

Hypo-

A

Under, below, beneath, less than normal

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59
Q

hypoxemia

A

Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood

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60
Q

Hyp-

A

Under, below, beneath, less than normal

61
Q

Ox/o

A

Oxygen

62
Q

Infraction

A

A localized area of necrosis (death) in tissue, a vessel, an organ, or a part resulting from lack of oxygen (anoxia) due to interrupted blood for to the area

63
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ

64
Q

Lesion

A

A wound, injury, or any pathological change in body tissue

65
Q

Leukopenia

A

An abnormal decrease in number of White blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter

Leukcytopenia

66
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

67
Q

-Penia

A

Decrease in

Deficiency

68
Q

Lipid

A

Any of a group of fats or fatlike substances found in the blood

69
Q

Lumen

A

A cavity or the channel within any organ or structure of the body

Space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube

70
Q

Malaise

A

A vague feeling of body weakness or discomfort, often indicating the onset of an illness or disease

71
Q

Mal-

A

Bad, poor

72
Q

Mediastinum

A

The area between the lungs in the chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi

73
Q

Murmur

A

A low-pitched humming or fluttering sound heard on auscultation

74
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

A form of anemia characterized by excessive production of immature large erythrocytes (red blood cells), unable to carry on their normal function

75
Q

Megal/o

A

Large

76
Q

Blast/o

A

Embryonic stage of development

77
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

A rave group of blood disorders that occur as a result of poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells within the bone marrow

The bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells and there are abnormal (blast) cells in the blood and/or bone marrow

78
Q

Myocardium

A

The middle muscular layer of the heart

79
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

80
Q

nocturia

A

Urination at night

81
Q

Noct/o

A

Night

82
Q

-Uria

A

Urine condition

83
Q

Occlusion

A

Closure, or state of being closed

84
Q

Orthopnea

A

An abnormal condition in which a person sits up straight or stands up to breathe comfortably

85
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

86
Q

-Pnea

A

Breathing

87
Q

Pacemaker

A

The SA node (sinoatrial) of the heart located in the right atrium

Responsible for initiating the heartbeat, influencing the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat

88
Q

Palpable

A

Detectable by touch

89
Q

Palpitation

A

A pounding or racing of the heart, associated with normal emotional responses or with heart disease

90
Q

Pericardial

A

Pertaining to the pericardium

91
Q

Pericardium

A

The double membranous sac that encloses the heart and the origins of the great blood vessels

92
Q

Peri-

A

Around

93
Q

Petechiae

A

Small, purplish, hemorrhage spots on the skin

May be due to abnormality in the blood-clotting mechanism of the body

94
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

95
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

96
Q

Pitting edema

A

Swelling, usually of the skin of the extremities, that when pressed firmly with a finger will maintain the dent produced by the finger

97
Q

Prophylactic

A

All agent that protects against disease

98
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

One of a pair of arteries that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

Only arteries in the body to carry deoxygenated blood

99
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lungs

100
Q

-Ary

A

Pertaining to

101
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The circulation of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the left atrium of the heart

From the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart

102
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

One of the four large veins (two from each lung) that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

Only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood

103
Q

SA node

A

Sinoartrial node

Pacemaker of the heart

104
Q

Septicemia

A

Systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating blood stream, having spread from an infection many part of the body

105
Q

Septum

A

A wall, or partition, that devices or separates two cavities

106
Q

Serum sickness

A

A hyper sensitivity reaction that may occur two to three weeks after administration of an antiserum

107
Q

Sydenham’s chorea

A

A form of chorea (involuntary muscle twitching) associated with rheumatic fever, usually occurring in childhood

108
Q

Systemic circulation

A

The circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart, throughout the body, and back to the right atrium of the heart

Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart and is distributed to the capillaries

Deoxygenated blood is picked up from the capillaries and is transported back to the right atrium of the heart

109
Q

Systole

A

The contraction phase of the heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries

110
Q

Thrombosis

A

The formation or existence of a blood clot

111
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

112
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel

113
Q

Vegetation

A

An abnormal growth of tissue around a value

114
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack or loss of appetite

115
Q

Anxiety

A

A feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread, especially of the future

116
Q

Bradycardia

A

A slow heart rate characterized by a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute

117
Q

Chest pain

A

Feeling of discomfort in the chest area

118
Q

Cyanosis

A

Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

119
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blueness

120
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain

121
Q

Edema

A

A local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amounts of tissue fluids

Swelling

122
Q

Fatigue

A

A feeling of tiredness or weariness resulting from continued activity or as a side effect from some psychotropic drug

123
Q

Fever

A

Elevation of temperature above normal

124
Q

Headache

A

A diffuse pain in different portions of the head and not confined to any nerve distribution area

125
Q

Nausea

A

Unpleasant sensation, usually preceding vomiting

126
Q

Pallor

A

Lack of color, paleness

An unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin

127
Q

Palpitation

A

Rapid, violent, or throbbing pulsation, as an abnormally rapid throbbing or fluttering of the heart

128
Q

Sweat

A

Perspiration

The liquid secreted by the sweat glands, having a salty taste

129
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormal rapidity of heart action, usually defined as a heart rate over 100 beats per minute

130
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid

131
Q

Vomiting

A

Ejection through the mouth of the gastric content

132
Q

Weakness

A

Lacking physical strength or vigor (energy)

133
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Severe pain and constriction about the heart, usually radiating to the left shoulder and down the left arm, creating a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest

134
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac

135
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle itself, primarily affecting the pumping ability of the heart

136
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and abdominal discomfort

137
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that adequate blood supply to the myocardium is prevented

138
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the membrane lining of the values and chambers of the heart caused by direct invasion of bacteria or other organisms and leading to deformity of the value cusps

139
Q

Hypertensive heart disease

A

A result of long-term hypertension

Heart is affected because it must work against increased resistance due to increased pressure in the arteries

140
Q

Mitral value proplase

A

Dropping of one or both cusps of the mitral value back into the left atrium during ventricular systole, resulting in incomplete closure of the value mitral insufficiency

141
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack

Condition caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries

142
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium

143
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

May be acute or chronic

144
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

An inflammatory disease that may develop as a delayed reaction to insufficiently treated group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract

145
Q

Aneurysm

A

A localized dilation of an artery formed at a weak point in the vessel wall

146
Q

Aneurysm/o

A

Aneurysm

147
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

An arterial condition in which there is thickening, hardening, and loss of electricity of the walls of arteries, resulting in decreased blood supply, especially to the lower extremities and cerebrum

Hardening of the arteries

148
Q

Hypertension

A

A condition in which the patient has a higher blood pressure than that judged to be normal

149
Q

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease

A

Obstruction of the arteries in the extremities (predominantly the legs)

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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