Chapter 6: Skeletal System Flashcards
Bonehead
A rounded, knoblike end of a long bone, separated from the shaft of the bone by a narrow portion
Neck
A constricted or narrow section that connects with the head, as in the neck connecting to the head or the neck of the femur
Tuberosity
An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone
Usually for attachment of muscles or tendons
Trochanter
Large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles
Condole
A knuckle like projection at the end of a bone
Usually fits into a fossa of another bone to form a joint
Crest
A distict border or ridge
An upper elevated edge, as in the upper part of the hip bone (the iliac crest)
Generally sites for muscle attachment
Spine
A sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest
The spine of the scapula (shoulder blade) used for muscle attachment
Sulcus
A groove or depression in a bone
A fissure
Sinus
An opening or hollow space in a bone, as in the paranasal sinuses or the frontal sinus
Fossa
A hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone
Foramen
A hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through, as in the foreman magnum of the skull that allows the spinal cord to pass through it
Frontal bone
Forms the forehead I front of the skull) and the upper part of the bony cavities that contain the eyeballs
Parietal bones
Just behind the frontal bones (“posterior to te frontal bones”) are the two parietal bones
Form most of the top and the upper sides of the cranium
Occipital bone
Single bone forms the back of the head and the base of the skull (back portion of the floor of the cranial cavity)
Contain the foremen magnum, through which the spinal cord passes
Temporal bones
Two bones forms the lower sides and part of the base of the skull (cranium)
Sphenoid bone
Bat- shaped bone located at the base of the skull infront of the temporal bones
Ethmoid bone
Lies just behind the nasal bone, in front of the sphenoid bone
Mandibular bone
Lower jaw bone
Mandible
Maxillary bones
The two bones of the upper jaw
Zygomatic bones
Two bones for the high part of the cheek and the outer border of the eye orbits
Nasal bones
Two slender nasal bones give shape to the nose by forming the upper part of the bridge
Lacrimal bones
Two small bones that are paper thin and shaped somewhat like a fingernail
Vomer
Thin, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum
Palatine bones
Two bones
Vertical portion forms the sidewall of the nasal cavity
Horizontal portion joins in the midline to form the back (posterior)part of the root of the mouth
Nasal conchae
Two inferior bones help complete the nasal cavity by forming the side and lower wall
Cervical vertebrae
First segment of the vertebral column
Consists of the first seven bones of the vertebral column
Thoracic vertebrae
Second segment of the vertebral column
Consisting of the next 12 vertebrae
Identified as T1 - T12
Lumbar vertebrae
Third segment of the vertebral column
Consists of the next five vertebrae
Sacrum
Fourth segment of the vertebral column
Coccyx
The fifth segment of the vertebral column
Tailbone
Humerus
Upper arm bone
Joins the scapula above
Joins the radius and ulna below
Radius
One of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist below
Lateral, or thumb, side of the arm
Ulna
Second of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bone below
Medial, or little finger, side
Carpals
Bones of the wrist
Each wrist has 8 carpal bones
Metacarpals
Bones of the hands
Form the bones of the hand
Phalanges
Bones of the fingers and toes
Each finger has three phalangeal bones
Thumb has only one
Femur
Thigh bone
Patella
Knee bone
Kneecap
Tibia
Shin bone
Allegoric
Pertaining to originating from a different origin
All/o
Difference from
-Genic
Pertaining to formation, producing
Ankylosing spondylitis
It type Of arthritis that effects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine
Ankyl/o
Stiff
Spondyl/o
Spine, vertebra
-itis
Inflammation
Arthrodesis
The surgical fusion of a joint
Arthr/o
Joint
-desis
Binding or surgical fusion
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints
Bone depressions
Concaved, indented areas or openings in bones
Bone markings
Specific features of individual bones
Bone processes
Projections or outgrowth of bones
Cancellous bone
Spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone
Cervical vertebrae
Vertebra or bones of the neck, C1 - C7
Cervic/o
Neck
-al
Pertaining to
Compact bone
Hard outer shell of the bone
Condyle
Knuckle like projection at the end of a bone
Costochondritis
Inflammation of the rib cartilage of the antenor chest wall
Characterized by pain and tenderness in the area
Cost/o
Ribs
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Crest
Distinct border or ridge
iliac crest
Diaphysis
Main shaftlike portion of a bone
Epiphyseal line
A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone
Epiphyseal plate
Epiphysis
The end of a bone
False ribs
Ribs pairs 8 through 10
Connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum
Fissure
A groove or depression in a bone
Sulcus
Flat bones
Bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces
Such as sternum
Floating ribs
Rib pairs 11 and 12
Connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front
Fontanelles or fontanel
Space between the bones of an infant’s cranium
“Soft spot”
foramen
Hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerve pass
Fossa
Hollow or concare depression in a bone
Haversian canals
System of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Hematopoiesis
The normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow
Hemat/o
Blood
-poiesis
Formation of
Hemopoietic, hematopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
Intercostal spaces
Spaces between the ribs
Inter-
Between
Cost/o
Ribs
Intervertebral disk
A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
Long bones
Bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends
Such as femur
Lumbar vertebrae
The vertebrae of the lower back
L1 - L5
Lumb/o
Loins, lower back
Medullary cavity
The Center portion of the staff of a long bone containing the Yellow marrow
Ossification
The conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone
Formation of bone
Osteoblasts
Immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue
Oste/o
Bone
-blast
Immature, embryonic
Osteoclasts
Large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue
-clast
Something that breaks
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Osteonecrosis
The death of bone tissue
Possibly from trauma or some disease process
Necr/o
Death
-osis
Condition
Periosteum
The thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone
Peri-
Around
-Um
Noun ending
Red bone marrow
The soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production
Resorption
The process of removing and digesting old bone tissue
sesamoid bones
Irregular bones embedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap
Short bones
Bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped
Such as the wrist bone
Sinus
An opening or hollow space in a bone
A cavity within a bone
Spine
A shame projection from the surface ot a bone
Similar to crest
Stenosis
An abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure
Sten/o
Short, contracted, or narrow
Subluxation
An incomplete dislocation (of a bone from a joint)
Sulcus
A groove or depression in a bone
Fissure
Sutures
Immovable joints
Such as those of the cranium
Synovectomy
Surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint
Synov/o
Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
-ectomy
Surgical removal
Thoracic vertebrae
The 12 vertebrae Of the chest,T1 - T12
Trabeculae
Needle like bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance
Trochanter
Large bony process located below the neck of the femur
True ribs
The first 7 pairs of ribs
Connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front
Tubercle
A small rounded process of bone
Tuberosity
An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone
Vertebral foramen
A large opening in The Center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord
Yellow marrow
Located in the diaphysis of long bones
Consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
Osteoporosis
Porous bones
Bones that were once strong became fragile due to loss of bone density
Osteomalacia
Disease in which the bones become abnormally sutt due to deficiency of calcium and phosphorous in the blood
Results in fractures and noticeable deformities of the weight-bearing bones
Poste/o
Bone
-porosis
Porous, lessening in density
-Malacia
Softening
Osteomyelitis
Local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow
Resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood
Myel/o
Bone marrow
Ewing’s sarcoma
Malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults
Particularly adolescent boys
Sarc/o
Related to the flesh
-Oma
Tumor
Osteogenic sarcoma
Malignant tumor arsing from bone
Also known as osteosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Most common benign bone tumor
Femur and tibia are most common involved
Paget’s disease
Non-metabolic disease Of the bone
Characterized b excessive bone destruction and unorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts
Bone is weak and prone to fractures
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramini (openings) Of the lumbar spinal canal
Talipes equinovarus
Clubfoot
Kyphosis
Abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback
Lordosis
Abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine
Commonly known as swayback
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the portion of the spine
Curvature may be to the left or to the right
Fracture
Broken bone
A sudden breaking of a bone
Bone scan
Involves the intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue
Bone marrow aspiration
Process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of examining the specimen under a microscope
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Non invasive procedure that measures bone density
C1, C2, C3,…
Cervical vertebrae 1,2,3, etc.
DEXA
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
DIP
Distal interphalangeal (joint)
Fx
Fracture
L1, L2, L3,…
Lumbar vertebra 1,2,3, etc.
LLE
Left lower extremity
LUE
Left lower extremity
MCP
Metacarpophalangeal (joint)
MTP
Metatarsophalangeal (joint)
PIP
Proximal interphalangeal (joint)
RLE
Right lower extremities
RUE
Right upper extremities
S1
Sacrum
T1,T2,T3,…
Thoracic vertebra 1,2,3, etc.
THA
Total hip arthroplasty
THR
Total hip replacement
TKA
Total knee arthroplasty
TKR
Total knee replacement
TMJ
Temporomandibular joint
