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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bonehead

A

A rounded, knoblike end of a long bone, separated from the shaft of the bone by a narrow portion

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2
Q

Neck

A

A constricted or narrow section that connects with the head, as in the neck connecting to the head or the neck of the femur

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3
Q

Tuberosity

A

An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone

Usually for attachment of muscles or tendons

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4
Q

Trochanter

A

Large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles

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5
Q

Condole

A

A knuckle like projection at the end of a bone

Usually fits into a fossa of another bone to form a joint

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6
Q

Crest

A

A distict border or ridge

An upper elevated edge, as in the upper part of the hip bone (the iliac crest)

Generally sites for muscle attachment

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7
Q

Spine

A

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest

The spine of the scapula (shoulder blade) used for muscle attachment

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8
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove or depression in a bone

A fissure

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9
Q

Sinus

A

An opening or hollow space in a bone, as in the paranasal sinuses or the frontal sinus

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10
Q

Fossa

A

A hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

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11
Q

Foramen

A

A hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through, as in the foreman magnum of the skull that allows the spinal cord to pass through it

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12
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead I front of the skull) and the upper part of the bony cavities that contain the eyeballs

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13
Q

Parietal bones

A

Just behind the frontal bones (“posterior to te frontal bones”) are the two parietal bones

Form most of the top and the upper sides of the cranium

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14
Q

Occipital bone

A

Single bone forms the back of the head and the base of the skull (back portion of the floor of the cranial cavity)

Contain the foremen magnum, through which the spinal cord passes

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15
Q

Temporal bones

A

Two bones forms the lower sides and part of the base of the skull (cranium)

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16
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Bat- shaped bone located at the base of the skull infront of the temporal bones

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17
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Lies just behind the nasal bone, in front of the sphenoid bone

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18
Q

Mandibular bone

A

Lower jaw bone

Mandible

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19
Q

Maxillary bones

A

The two bones of the upper jaw

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20
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Two bones for the high part of the cheek and the outer border of the eye orbits

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21
Q

Nasal bones

A

Two slender nasal bones give shape to the nose by forming the upper part of the bridge

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22
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Two small bones that are paper thin and shaped somewhat like a fingernail

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23
Q

Vomer

A

Thin, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum

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24
Q

Palatine bones

A

Two bones

Vertical portion forms the sidewall of the nasal cavity

Horizontal portion joins in the midline to form the back (posterior)part of the root of the mouth

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25
Q

Nasal conchae

A

Two inferior bones help complete the nasal cavity by forming the side and lower wall

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26
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

First segment of the vertebral column

Consists of the first seven bones of the vertebral column

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27
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Second segment of the vertebral column

Consisting of the next 12 vertebrae

Identified as T1 - T12

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28
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Third segment of the vertebral column

Consists of the next five vertebrae

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29
Q

Sacrum

A

Fourth segment of the vertebral column

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30
Q

Coccyx

A

The fifth segment of the vertebral column

Tailbone

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31
Q

Humerus

A

Upper arm bone

Joins the scapula above

Joins the radius and ulna below

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32
Q

Radius

A

One of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist below

Lateral, or thumb, side of the arm

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33
Q

Ulna

A

Second of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bone below

Medial, or little finger, side

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34
Q

Carpals

A

Bones of the wrist

Each wrist has 8 carpal bones

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35
Q

Metacarpals

A

Bones of the hands

Form the bones of the hand

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36
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of the fingers and toes

Each finger has three phalangeal bones

Thumb has only one

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37
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone

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38
Q

Patella

A

Knee bone

Kneecap

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39
Q

Tibia

A

Shin bone

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40
Q

Allegoric

A

Pertaining to originating from a different origin

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41
Q

All/o

A

Difference from

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42
Q

-Genic

A

Pertaining to formation, producing

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43
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

It type Of arthritis that effects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine

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44
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Stiff

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45
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Spine, vertebra

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46
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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47
Q

Arthrodesis

A

The surgical fusion of a joint

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48
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

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49
Q

-desis

A

Binding or surgical fusion

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50
Q

articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints

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51
Q

Bone depressions

A

Concaved, indented areas or openings in bones

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52
Q

Bone markings

A

Specific features of individual bones

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53
Q

Bone processes

A

Projections or outgrowth of bones

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54
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone

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55
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

Vertebra or bones of the neck, C1 - C7

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56
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck

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57
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

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58
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard outer shell of the bone

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59
Q

Condyle

A

Knuckle like projection at the end of a bone

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60
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of the rib cartilage of the antenor chest wall

Characterized by pain and tenderness in the area

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61
Q

Cost/o

A

Ribs

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62
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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63
Q

Crest

A

Distinct border or ridge

iliac crest

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64
Q

Diaphysis

A

Main shaftlike portion of a bone

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65
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone

Epiphyseal plate

66
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end of a bone

67
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs pairs 8 through 10

Connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum

68
Q

Fissure

A

A groove or depression in a bone

Sulcus

69
Q

Flat bones

A

Bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces

Such as sternum

70
Q

Floating ribs

A

Rib pairs 11 and 12

Connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front

71
Q

Fontanelles or fontanel

A

Space between the bones of an infant’s cranium

“Soft spot”

72
Q

foramen

A

Hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerve pass

73
Q

Fossa

A

Hollow or concare depression in a bone

74
Q

Haversian canals

A

System of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

75
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow

76
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

77
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation of

78
Q

Hemopoietic, hematopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

79
Q

Intercostal spaces

A

Spaces between the ribs

80
Q

Inter-

A

Between

81
Q

Cost/o

A

Ribs

82
Q

Intervertebral disk

A

A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae

83
Q

Long bones

A

Bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends

Such as femur

84
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

The vertebrae of the lower back

L1 - L5

85
Q

Lumb/o

A

Loins, lower back

86
Q

Medullary cavity

A

The Center portion of the staff of a long bone containing the Yellow marrow

87
Q

Ossification

A

The conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone

Formation of bone

88
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue

89
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

90
Q

-blast

A

Immature, embryonic

91
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue

92
Q

-clast

A

Something that breaks

93
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

94
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

The death of bone tissue

Possibly from trauma or some disease process

95
Q

Necr/o

A

Death

96
Q

-osis

A

Condition

97
Q

Periosteum

A

The thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone

98
Q

Peri-

A

Around

99
Q

-Um

A

Noun ending

100
Q

Red bone marrow

A

The soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production

101
Q

Resorption

A

The process of removing and digesting old bone tissue

102
Q

sesamoid bones

A

Irregular bones embedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap

103
Q

Short bones

A

Bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped

Such as the wrist bone

104
Q

Sinus

A

An opening or hollow space in a bone

A cavity within a bone

105
Q

Spine

A

A shame projection from the surface ot a bone

Similar to crest

106
Q

Stenosis

A

An abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure

107
Q

Sten/o

A

Short, contracted, or narrow

108
Q

Subluxation

A

An incomplete dislocation (of a bone from a joint)

109
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove or depression in a bone

Fissure

110
Q

Sutures

A

Immovable joints

Such as those of the cranium

111
Q

Synovectomy

A

Surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint

112
Q

Synov/o

A

Synovial membrane, synovial fluid

113
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal

114
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

The 12 vertebrae Of the chest,T1 - T12

115
Q

Trabeculae

A

Needle like bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance

116
Q

Trochanter

A

Large bony process located below the neck of the femur

117
Q

True ribs

A

The first 7 pairs of ribs

Connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front

118
Q

Tubercle

A

A small rounded process of bone

119
Q

Tuberosity

A

An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone

120
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

A large opening in The Center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord

121
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Located in the diaphysis of long bones

Consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

122
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Porous bones

Bones that were once strong became fragile due to loss of bone density

123
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Disease in which the bones become abnormally sutt due to deficiency of calcium and phosphorous in the blood

Results in fractures and noticeable deformities of the weight-bearing bones

124
Q

Poste/o

A

Bone

125
Q

-porosis

A

Porous, lessening in density

126
Q

-Malacia

A

Softening

127
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow

Resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood

128
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

129
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults

Particularly adolescent boys

130
Q

Sarc/o

A

Related to the flesh

131
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

132
Q

Osteogenic sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor arsing from bone

Also known as osteosarcoma

133
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Most common benign bone tumor

Femur and tibia are most common involved

134
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Non-metabolic disease Of the bone

Characterized b excessive bone destruction and unorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts

Bone is weak and prone to fractures

135
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

Narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramini (openings) Of the lumbar spinal canal

136
Q

Talipes equinovarus

A

Clubfoot

137
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback

138
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine

Commonly known as swayback

139
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the portion of the spine

Curvature may be to the left or to the right

140
Q

Fracture

A

Broken bone

A sudden breaking of a bone

141
Q

Bone scan

A

Involves the intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue

142
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

Process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of examining the specimen under a microscope

143
Q

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

A

Non invasive procedure that measures bone density

144
Q

C1, C2, C3,…

A

Cervical vertebrae 1,2,3, etc.

145
Q

DEXA

A

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

146
Q

DIP

A

Distal interphalangeal (joint)

147
Q

Fx

A

Fracture

148
Q

L1, L2, L3,…

A

Lumbar vertebra 1,2,3, etc.

149
Q

LLE

A

Left lower extremity

150
Q

LUE

A

Left lower extremity

151
Q

MCP

A

Metacarpophalangeal (joint)

152
Q

MTP

A

Metatarsophalangeal (joint)

153
Q

PIP

A

Proximal interphalangeal (joint)

154
Q

RLE

A

Right lower extremities

155
Q

RUE

A

Right upper extremities

156
Q

S1

A

Sacrum

157
Q

T1,T2,T3,…

A

Thoracic vertebra 1,2,3, etc.

158
Q

THA

A

Total hip arthroplasty

159
Q

THR

A

Total hip replacement

160
Q

TKA

A

Total knee arthroplasty

161
Q

TKR

A

Total knee replacement

162
Q

TMJ

A

Temporomandibular joint

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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