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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abrasion

A

A scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area

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2
Q

Abscess

A

A localized collection of pus in any part of the body

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3
Q

Albino

A

An individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin

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4
Q

Alopecia

A

Partial or complete loss of hair

Baldness

May result from normal aging, a reaction to a medication such as anticancer medication, an endocrine disorder, or some skin disease

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5
Q

Amputation

A

The surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb or a part of a limb

Performed to treat recurrent infections or gangrene of a limb

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6
Q

Basal layer

A

The deepest of five layers of the epidermis

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7
Q

Blackhead

A

An open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair collide

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8
Q

Blister

A

A small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid

A vesicle

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9
Q

Boil

A

A localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle

A furuncle

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10
Q

Bruise

A

A bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissue as a result of an injury to an area

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11
Q

Bulla

A

A large blister

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12
Q

Carbuncle

A

A circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissue that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface

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13
Q

Cellulitis

A

A diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain, and swelling

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14
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear wax

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15
Q

Ceruminous gland

A

A modified sweat gland that lubricates that skin of the ear canal with a yellowish- brown wax substance called cerumen (or earwax)

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16
Q

Cicatrix

A

A scar

The pale, form tissue that forms in the healing of the wound

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17
Q

Circumscribed

A

Confined to a limited space or well-defined area

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18
Q

Collagen

A

The protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments, and fascia

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19
Q

Comedo

A

The typical lesion of ache vulgaris, caused by accumulation of Keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle

Closed = Whitehead

Open = blackhead

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20
Q

Contusion

A

An injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin

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21
Q

Corium

A

The dermis

The layer of skin just under the epidermis

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22
Q

Cryosurgery

A

A noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue

Coolants such as liquid nitrogen are used in the metal probe

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23
Q

Curettage

A

The process of scraping material them the wall of a cavity or other surface for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material

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24
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

The skin

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25
Q

Cuticle

A

A fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail

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26
Q

Cyanosis

A

A condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin

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27
Q

Cyst

A

A closed sac or pouch in on within the skin that contains fluid semifluid, or solid material

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28
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing

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29
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin

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30
Q

Dermat/o

A

Skin

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31
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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32
Q

Dermatologist

A

A physician who specializes in the treatment of disease and disorders of the skin

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33
Q

-Logist

A

Specialist in the study of

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34
Q

Dermatology

A

The study of the skin

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35
Q

-Logy

A

The study of

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36
Q

Dermis

A

The layer of skin immediately beneath the epidermis

The corium

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37
Q

Derm/o

A

Skin

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38
Q

-is

A

Noun ending

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39
Q

Diaphoresis

A

The secretion of sweat

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40
Q

Ecchymosis

A

A bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissue as a result of injury to the area

Also known as a bruise or a black-and-blue mark

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41
Q

Electrodesiccation

A

A technique that uses an electrical spank to burn and destroy tissue

Use primarily for the removal of surface lesions

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42
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer of the skin

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43
Q

Epi-

A

Upon, over

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44
Q

epidermoid cyst

A

A cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland

Also known as a sebaceous cyst

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45
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

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46
Q

Epithelium

A

The tissue that covers the internal and external surface of the body

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47
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

Example is nervous blushing blushing or a mild sunburn

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48
Q

Erythremia

A

All abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

Polycythemia Vera

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49
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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50
Q
  • emia
A

Blood condition

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51
Q

Erythroderma

A

Redness of skin

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52
Q

-A

A

Noun ending

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53
Q

Excoriation

A

An injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma, such as scratching or abrasion

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54
Q

Exfoliation

A

Peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells, as in peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn

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55
Q

Fissure

A

A crack like sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane

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56
Q

Fistula

A

An abnormal passageway between two tubular organs (eg., rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surface

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57
Q

Furuncle

A

A localized pus-producing infection orginating deep in the hair follicle

A boil

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58
Q

Gangrene

A

Death of tissue, most often involving the extremities

Usually the result of ischemia ( loss of blood supply to an area), bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction (decaying) of the tissue

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59
Q

Hair follicle

A

The tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of a hair shaft

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60
Q

Hair root

A

The portion of a strand of hair that is embedded in the hair follicle

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61
Q

Hair shaft

A

The visible part of the hair

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62
Q

Hemangioma

A

A benign (nonmalignant) tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color

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63
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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64
Q

Angi/o

A

Vessel

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65
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

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66
Q

Heparin

A

A natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues

Also produced in laboratories for therapeutic use as heparin sodium

67
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occurring in women

68
Q

Histamine

A

A substance (found in all cells) that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions

69
Q

Histiocyte

A

Macrophage

Large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue

70
Q

Hives

A

Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin that are paler in the canter than its surrounding edges

71
Q

Histi/o

A

Tissue

72
Q

-Cyte

A

Cell

73
Q

Hydrocele

A

A collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male

74
Q

Hydr/o

A

Water

75
Q

-Cele

A

Swelling or herniation

76
Q

Ichthyosis

A

An inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry, hyperkeratotic (hardened) , and fissured - resembling fish scales

77
Q

Ichthy/o

A

fishlike, scaly

78
Q

-Osis

A

Condition

79
Q

integument

A

The skin

80
Q

Integumentary System

A

The body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

81
Q

Keratin

A

A hard fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth, and horns of animals

82
Q

Keratolytic

A

An agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin

83
Q

Kerat/o

A

Hard, horny

Refers to cornea of the eye

84
Q

-Lytic

A

Destruction

85
Q

Laceration

A

A tear in the skin

86
Q

Lanugo

A

Soft, very fine hair that covers the body of the developing fetus

This hairy coating is almost completly gone by birth

87
Q

Lesion

A

Any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash, or boil

88
Q

Lipedema

A

An abnormal condition in which there is swelling/enlargement Of the lower extremities due to an irregular distribution of fat and fluid deposits in the subcutaneous tissue

Lower extremities are disproportionately larger than the upper portion in the body

89
Q

Lip/o

A

Fat

90
Q

-Edema

A

Swelling

91
Q

Lipocyte

A

A fat cell

92
Q

Lunula

A

The cresent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail

93
Q

Macrophage

A

Large phagocytic cell (cell that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue

94
Q

Macr/o

A

Large

95
Q

Phag/o

A

To eat

96
Q

-e

A

Noun ending

97
Q

Macule

A

A small, fat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed

98
Q

Mast cell

A

A cell (found within the connective tissue) that contains heparin and histamine

These substances are released from the mast cell in response to injury and infection

99
Q

Melanin

A

A black or dark pigment (produced by melanocytes within the epidermis) that contributes color to the skin and helps filter ultraviolet light

100
Q

Melan/o

A

Black

101
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cell responsible for producing melanin

102
Q

Melanoma

A

Darkly pigmented tumor

103
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

104
Q

Nail body

A

The visible part of the nail

105
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Rare, but serious infection caused by bacteria that can destroy skin, fat, and tissue covering the muscle within a very short time

106
Q

Nodule

A

A small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin

107
Q

Oil gland

A

One of the many small glands located in the dermis

Secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin

108
Q

Onycholysis

A

Separation of the fingernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin

Condition is associated with dermatitis of the hand, psoriasis, and fungal infections

109
Q

Onych/o

A

Nail

110
Q

-Lysis

A

Destruction or detachment

111
Q

Onychomycosis

A

Any fungal infection of the hails

112
Q

Myc/o

A

Fungus

113
Q

Onlychophagia

A

The habit of biting the nails

114
Q

-Phagia

A

To eat

115
Q

pachyderma

A

Abnormal thickening of the skin

116
Q

Pachy

A

Thick

117
Q

Papule

A

A small, solid, circumscribed elevation of the skin

118
Q

Paronychia

A

Inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail

Also called runaround

119
Q

Par/o

A

Beside, beyond, near

120
Q

-ia

A

Condition

121
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice

122
Q

Perspiration

A

The clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands

123
Q

Petechia

A

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin

124
Q

Pimple

A

A papule or pustule of the skin

125
Q

Polyp

A

A small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk

126
Q

Pores

A

Opening of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted

127
Q

Pressure ulcer

A

An inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on the body part

Also known as a decubitus ulcer or pressure sore

128
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

129
Q

Purpura

A

A group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membrane

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages are known as petechia and larger hemorrhagic areas are known as ecchymoses or bruises

130
Q

Pustule

A

A small elevation of the skin filled with pus

A small abscess

131
Q

Scales

A

Thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis

132
Q

Sebaceous cyst

A

A cyst filled with a cheesy material consisting of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland

Also known as an epidermoid cyst

133
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

An oil gland located in the dermis

Secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin

134
Q

Seborrhea

A

Excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales

135
Q

Seb/o

A

Sebum

136
Q

-rrhea

A

Flow, discharge

137
Q

Sebum

A

The oily secretions of the sebaceous gland

138
Q

-Um

A

Noun ending

139
Q

Skin tags

A

A small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck

Also known as a cutaneous papilloma

140
Q

Squamous epithelial cells

A

Flat scale like cells arranged in layers (strata)

141
Q

Squamous epithelium

A

The single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces

142
Q

Stratified

A

Layered

Arranged in layers

143
Q

Stratum

A

A uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells

144
Q

Stratum basale

A

The layer of skin where new cells are continually being reproduced, pushing older cells towards the outermost surface of the skin

145
Q

Stratum corneum

A

The outermost layer Of the epidermis (consisting of dead cells that have converted to keratin), which continually sloughs off or takes away

Known as the keratinized for “horny”) cell layer

146
Q

Stretch marks

A

Linear tears in the dermis that result from overstretching from rapid growth

147
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

The fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis

148
Q

Sub-

A

Beneath, under, below

149
Q

Cutane/o

A

Skin

150
Q

-Ous

A

Pertaining to

151
Q

Subungual hematoma

A

A collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma (injury)

152
Q

Suboriferous gland

A

A sweat gland

153
Q

Sweat gland

A

One of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries waste products to the surface of the skin for excretion

Also known as a sudoriferous gland

154
Q

Telangiectasis

A

The permant dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules

155
Q

Ulcer

A

A circumscribed, open love or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation

156
Q

Urticaria

A

A reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler than the surrounding shin and often accompanied by severe itching

157
Q

vesicle

A

A small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid

A blister

158
Q

Vitiligo

A

A skip disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of gaming sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmented

159
Q

Wheal

A

A circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges

Hives

160
Q

White head

A

A closed comedo caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle

The content within is not easily expressed

161
Q

Xanthoderma

A

Any yellow coloration of the skin

162
Q

Xanth/o

A

Yellow

163
Q

Xeroderma

A

A chronic skin condition characterized by roughness and dryness

164
Q

Xer/o

A

Dry

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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