Chapter 5: Vocabulary Flashcards
Abrasion
A scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
Abscess
A localized collection of pus in any part of the body
Albino
An individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin
Alopecia
Partial or complete loss of hair
Baldness
May result from normal aging, a reaction to a medication such as anticancer medication, an endocrine disorder, or some skin disease
Amputation
The surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb or a part of a limb
Performed to treat recurrent infections or gangrene of a limb
Basal layer
The deepest of five layers of the epidermis
Blackhead
An open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair collide
Blister
A small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid
A vesicle
Boil
A localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle
A furuncle
Bruise
A bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissue as a result of an injury to an area
Bulla
A large blister
Carbuncle
A circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissue that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface
Cellulitis
A diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain, and swelling
Cerumen
Ear wax
Ceruminous gland
A modified sweat gland that lubricates that skin of the ear canal with a yellowish- brown wax substance called cerumen (or earwax)
Cicatrix
A scar
The pale, form tissue that forms in the healing of the wound
Circumscribed
Confined to a limited space or well-defined area
Collagen
The protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments, and fascia
Comedo
The typical lesion of ache vulgaris, caused by accumulation of Keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
Closed = Whitehead
Open = blackhead
Contusion
An injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin
Corium
The dermis
The layer of skin just under the epidermis
Cryosurgery
A noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue
Coolants such as liquid nitrogen are used in the metal probe
Curettage
The process of scraping material them the wall of a cavity or other surface for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material
Cutaneous membrane
The skin
Cuticle
A fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail
Cyanosis
A condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin
Cyst
A closed sac or pouch in on within the skin that contains fluid semifluid, or solid material
Debridement
Removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin
Dermat/o
Skin
-itis
Inflammation
Dermatologist
A physician who specializes in the treatment of disease and disorders of the skin
-Logist
Specialist in the study of
Dermatology
The study of the skin
-Logy
The study of
Dermis
The layer of skin immediately beneath the epidermis
The corium
Derm/o
Skin
-is
Noun ending
Diaphoresis
The secretion of sweat
Ecchymosis
A bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissue as a result of injury to the area
Also known as a bruise or a black-and-blue mark
Electrodesiccation
A technique that uses an electrical spank to burn and destroy tissue
Use primarily for the removal of surface lesions
Epidermis
The outermost layer of the skin
Epi-
Upon, over
epidermoid cyst
A cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland
Also known as a sebaceous cyst
-oid
Resembling
Epithelium
The tissue that covers the internal and external surface of the body
Erythema
Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
Example is nervous blushing blushing or a mild sunburn
Erythremia
All abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
Polycythemia Vera
Erythr/o
Red
- emia
Blood condition
Erythroderma
Redness of skin
-A
Noun ending
Excoriation
An injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma, such as scratching or abrasion
Exfoliation
Peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells, as in peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn
Fissure
A crack like sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
Fistula
An abnormal passageway between two tubular organs (eg., rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surface
Furuncle
A localized pus-producing infection orginating deep in the hair follicle
A boil
Gangrene
Death of tissue, most often involving the extremities
Usually the result of ischemia ( loss of blood supply to an area), bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction (decaying) of the tissue
Hair follicle
The tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of a hair shaft
Hair root
The portion of a strand of hair that is embedded in the hair follicle
Hair shaft
The visible part of the hair
Hemangioma
A benign (nonmalignant) tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color
Hem/o
Blood
Angi/o
Vessel
-Oma
Tumor
Heparin
A natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues
Also produced in laboratories for therapeutic use as heparin sodium
Hirsutism
Excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occurring in women
Histamine
A substance (found in all cells) that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions
Histiocyte
Macrophage
Large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
Hives
Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin that are paler in the canter than its surrounding edges
Histi/o
Tissue
-Cyte
Cell
Hydrocele
A collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male
Hydr/o
Water
-Cele
Swelling or herniation
Ichthyosis
An inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry, hyperkeratotic (hardened) , and fissured - resembling fish scales
Ichthy/o
fishlike, scaly
-Osis
Condition
integument
The skin
Integumentary System
The body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
Keratin
A hard fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth, and horns of animals
Keratolytic
An agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin
Kerat/o
Hard, horny
Refers to cornea of the eye
-Lytic
Destruction
Laceration
A tear in the skin
Lanugo
Soft, very fine hair that covers the body of the developing fetus
This hairy coating is almost completly gone by birth
Lesion
Any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash, or boil
Lipedema
An abnormal condition in which there is swelling/enlargement Of the lower extremities due to an irregular distribution of fat and fluid deposits in the subcutaneous tissue
Lower extremities are disproportionately larger than the upper portion in the body
Lip/o
Fat
-Edema
Swelling
Lipocyte
A fat cell
Lunula
The cresent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail
Macrophage
Large phagocytic cell (cell that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
Macr/o
Large
Phag/o
To eat
-e
Noun ending
Macule
A small, fat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
Mast cell
A cell (found within the connective tissue) that contains heparin and histamine
These substances are released from the mast cell in response to injury and infection
Melanin
A black or dark pigment (produced by melanocytes within the epidermis) that contributes color to the skin and helps filter ultraviolet light
Melan/o
Black
Melanocytes
Cell responsible for producing melanin
Melanoma
Darkly pigmented tumor
-Oma
Tumor
Nail body
The visible part of the nail
Necrotizing fasciitis
Rare, but serious infection caused by bacteria that can destroy skin, fat, and tissue covering the muscle within a very short time
Nodule
A small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin
Oil gland
One of the many small glands located in the dermis
Secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin
Onycholysis
Separation of the fingernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin
Condition is associated with dermatitis of the hand, psoriasis, and fungal infections
Onych/o
Nail
-Lysis
Destruction or detachment
Onychomycosis
Any fungal infection of the hails
Myc/o
Fungus
Onlychophagia
The habit of biting the nails
-Phagia
To eat
pachyderma
Abnormal thickening of the skin
Pachy
Thick
Papule
A small, solid, circumscribed elevation of the skin
Paronychia
Inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail
Also called runaround
Par/o
Beside, beyond, near
-ia
Condition
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice
Perspiration
The clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands
Petechia
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
Pimple
A papule or pustule of the skin
Polyp
A small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk
Pores
Opening of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted
Pressure ulcer
An inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on the body part
Also known as a decubitus ulcer or pressure sore
Pruritus
Itching
Purpura
A group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membrane
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages are known as petechia and larger hemorrhagic areas are known as ecchymoses or bruises
Pustule
A small elevation of the skin filled with pus
A small abscess
Scales
Thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis
Sebaceous cyst
A cyst filled with a cheesy material consisting of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland
Also known as an epidermoid cyst
Sebaceous gland
An oil gland located in the dermis
Secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin
Seborrhea
Excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales
Seb/o
Sebum
-rrhea
Flow, discharge
Sebum
The oily secretions of the sebaceous gland
-Um
Noun ending
Skin tags
A small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck
Also known as a cutaneous papilloma
Squamous epithelial cells
Flat scale like cells arranged in layers (strata)
Squamous epithelium
The single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces
Stratified
Layered
Arranged in layers
Stratum
A uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
Stratum basale
The layer of skin where new cells are continually being reproduced, pushing older cells towards the outermost surface of the skin
Stratum corneum
The outermost layer Of the epidermis (consisting of dead cells that have converted to keratin), which continually sloughs off or takes away
Known as the keratinized for “horny”) cell layer
Stretch marks
Linear tears in the dermis that result from overstretching from rapid growth
Subcutaneous tissue
The fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis
Sub-
Beneath, under, below
Cutane/o
Skin
-Ous
Pertaining to
Subungual hematoma
A collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma (injury)
Suboriferous gland
A sweat gland
Sweat gland
One of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries waste products to the surface of the skin for excretion
Also known as a sudoriferous gland
Telangiectasis
The permant dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules
Ulcer
A circumscribed, open love or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation
Urticaria
A reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler than the surrounding shin and often accompanied by severe itching
vesicle
A small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid
A blister
Vitiligo
A skip disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of gaming sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmented
Wheal
A circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges
Hives
White head
A closed comedo caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
The content within is not easily expressed
Xanthoderma
Any yellow coloration of the skin
Xanth/o
Yellow
Xeroderma
A chronic skin condition characterized by roughness and dryness
Xer/o
Dry
