Chapter 9 Final

Question 1

What is arthrology and kinesiology?

Answer 1

Arthrology is the science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction
Kinesiology is the study of musculoskeletal movement

Question 2

What are the anatomical features of
synovial joints?

Answer 2

General features include the two bones covered in articular cartilage; a slippery lubricant called synovial fluid, joint cavities that sperate articular surfaces, and joint (articular) capsule which is connective tissue that encloses the cavity

Question 3

What are the different types of synovial joints?

Answer 3

Ball-and-socket joints (hip +shoulder)
Condylar joints (radiocarpal joint of the wrist)
Saddle joints (sternoclavicular joint)
Biaxial joint (opposable thumb)
Plane joint (carpal bone of wrist)
Hinge joint (knee +elbow)
Pivot joints (atlantoaxial joint+ C1 C2)

Question 4

What are tendons,
ligaments, bursa, meniscus and synovial fluid?

Answer 4

tendons= attach muscle to bone
ligament= attach bone to bone
bursa= a fibrous sac of synovial fluid located between adjacent muscles
meniscus= Meniscus is two cartilages in the knee that extend inward from left and right but don’t cross the joint completely
synovial fluid= slippery lubricant
in joint cavity

Question 5

What are arthritis, and arthroplasty?

Answer 5

Arthritis refers to inflammation and pain of a joint
Osteoarthritis- the typical “wear and tear” arthritis which happens in older people
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune attack on the joint tissues
Arthoplasty= replacement of the diseased joint with
an artificial device called a prosthesis

Question 6

What are: Flexion, Extension, Supination,
Pronation, Lateral rotation, Medial rotation, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction,
Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion, Inversion, Eversion?

Answer 6

Supination- palms facing up
Pronation- palms facing down
Flexion- decreasing the angle at the joint
Extension- increasing the angle at the joint
Lateral rotation- external rotation
Medial rotation- internal rotation
Abduction- moving away from the midline
Adduction- moving back towards the midline
Circumduction- circular movement at the joint
The opposition of the thumb is touching the thumb to the fingers
Dorsiflexion is pointing up at the foot
Plantar flexion is pointing down the foot
Inversion is pointing soles inward
Eversion is pointing soles outward