Chapter 5 Final

Question 1

What are the primary germ layers and what tissues develop from them?

Answer 1

Ectoderm (outer)= gives rise to the epidermis and nervous system
Endoderm (inner)= gives rise to the mucous membrane lining digestive and respiratory tracts
Mesoderm (middle)= gelatinous tissue called mesenchyme

Question 2

What
are the four main Tissue types?

Answer 2

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

Question 3

What are the characteristics of different type of epithelial
tissue?

Answer 3

Simple= touch basement membrane (squamous cell shape)
pseudostratified= touch basement membrane (cuboidal cell shape)
Stratified= doesn’t touch basement membrane (columnar cell shape)

Question 4

What is fluid connective tissue and what are its functions?

Answer 4

fluid connective tissue= blood
function= transport cells + dissolved matter from palces
white blood cells= leukocytes (defense from disease)
red blood cells= erythocytes (transport oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Question 5

Where is transitional
epithelium located?

Answer 5

urinary system

Question 6

What is Marfan syndrome (cause and symptoms)?

Answer 6

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastic fibers
Cause= mutation in the gene for fibrillin, a glycoprotein
symptoms= of hyper-extensible joints, hernias, visual problems, tall, long limbs, spidery fingers

Question 7

What are the
different types of cell junctions?

Answer 7

tight junction
desmosome
gap junction

Question 8

What are the differences between exocrine and endocrine
glands?

Answer 8

Exocrine glands= duct, maintain contact with body surface
Endocrine= have hormones, lose contact with body surface

Question 9

What are the different types of muscles and how do they differ in terms of structure
and function?

Answer 9

Skeletal= attached to bone, voluntary, striated
Cardiac= in heart, involuntary, striated
Smooth= line internal organs, involuntary, no striations

Question 10

What are hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, necrosis, infarction, apoptosis,
differentiation, metaplasia, regeneration, fibrosis and decubitus ulcer?

Answer 10

hypertrohpy= enlargement of preexisting cells
atrophy= shrinkage of tissue, loss in cell size or number
hyperplasia= tissue growth through cell multiplication
necrosis= pathological tissue death due to trauma
infarction= sudden death of tissue
differentiation= development of a more specialized and function (embryo)
mataplasia= change of one mature tissue to another
regeneration= replacement of dead cells by the same type of cells as before
fibrosis= replacement of dead tissue with scar tissue
decubitus ulcer= (bed sore) form of dry gangrene