Chapter 6 final Flashcards
What are the various layers of skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
What is the function of keratinocytes,
melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells?
Keratinocytes= (epidermal cells) synthesize keratin
Melanocytes= (in stratum basale) synthesize melanin
Merkel cells= function as (touch receptors) in
association with sensory nerve endings
Langerhan cells= epidermal macrophages
that help (activate the immune system)
What are the different layers of
epidermis (outermost to innermost in order)?
Come Lets Get Soup Brother
Stratum Comeum
Stratum lucidum (present only in thick skin)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
What makes the fingerprints?
friction ridges produce fingerprints
What are the two layers of dermis?
Papillary layer and Reticular
What are the
abnormal skin colors and what causes them?
Erythema= redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels
(anger, sunburn, embarrassment)
Cyanosis= blueness from deficiency of oxygen in the
circulating blood (cold weather)
Jaundice= yellowing of skin and sclera due to excess of
bilirubin in blood (liver disease)
Bronzing= golden-brown color of Addison disease
(deficiency of glucocorticoid hormone)
Pallor= pale color from lack of blood flow
Albinism=a genetic lack of melanin due to a recessive
nonfunctional tyrosinase allele from both parents
Hematoma= a bruise (visible clotted blood)
What are the three stages of hair growth?
ACT
1. Anagen is growth stage
2. Catagen is the shrinking of follicles
3. Telogen is resting stage
What is alopecia and hirsutism?
alopecia= thinning of hair or baldness
hirsutism= excessive hair growth (hormone imbalance)
What are the secretions of sweat glands, sebaceous,
ceruminous glands and mammary glands?
sweat glands= exocytotis mode of secretion
subaceuous= oily secretion called sebum
ceruminous= secretion creates earwax combined with sebum
mammary glands= rich secretion through female pregnant breasts
What are the various types of skin cancers (most
common type but least malignant/least common but most malignant)?
Basal cell carcinoma- least malignant most common (stratum basale cells)
Squamous= keratinocytes from stratum spinosum
Melanoma= most dangerous, most malignant
What is the ABCD
rule and treatment for melanoma?
A= Asymmetry
B= Border
C= Color
D= Diameter
Which layers are affected by the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree
burns?
1st degree= epidermis
2nd degree= epidermis, dermis
3rd degree= epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
