Chapter 3 Final Flashcards
What are the different types of cells based on their shape?
Spheroid= spheryical (white-blood shapedcells)
Discoid= disc-shaped (red-blood cells)
stellate= star-shaped (found in nerves)
fusiform (spindle-shaped)= found in smooth muscles
polygonal= lots of corners (found in liver)
squamous= fried egg
fibrous-thread-like= (found in skeletal muscles)
cuboidal= cube-shaped
columnar= column like cells
What are the structural components of the plasma membrane with their functions?
Plasma membrane is a barreir and gateway, controls passage of materials in and out of cellsm, made up of a lipid bilayer, and selectively permeable
What are active and passive transport, vesicular endocytosis, exocytosis and pinocytosis?
active transport= consumes ATP
passive transport= requires no ATP
endocytosis= bring matter into cell
exocytosis= bring matter out of cell
pinocytosis= (cell drinking) form of endocytosis which taking in droplets of ECF containing molecules of some use to the cell
What are the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on a cell?
hypotonic= lower conentration, swell up and get bigger
hypertonic= higher conentration, shrivel and lose water
isotonic= cocentation of solutes is same as in ICF, no change in volume or shape
What are the functions of nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, centrioles, golgi complex, lysosomes and
peroxisomes?
Nucleus= genetic control center of cellular activity
endoplasmic reticulum= system of interconnectef tubules/channels in the cytoplasm
ribosomes= read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins
centrioles= play a role in cell divison
golgi complex= adds/cuts packages
What are the functions of nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, centrioles, golgi complex, lysosomes and
peroxisomes?
Nucleus= genetic control center of cellular activity
endoplasmic reticulum= system of interconnectef tubules/channels in the cytoplasm
ribosomes= read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins
centrioles= play a role in cell divison
golgi complex= adds/cuts packaged proteins into membrane-bound Golgi vesicles, recieves/synthesizes proteins from Rough ER
lysosomes= Autophagy (digest and disposeof mitochondria and other organells) and Autolysis (“cell suicide”
peroxisomes= use molecularoxygen to oxidize organic molecules
What surface extensions are present on the cell and what are their functions?
Microvili= absoriptive
Cilia= sensory with “antenna” for monitoring nearby conditions
flagella- cell movement, mobility
What are the differences between mitotic and meiotic division?
Mitotic divison (mitosis)= 2 body cells, two sets of 46 chromosomes, one cell divison, and no crossing over
Meiotic divison (meisosi)= 4 sex cells, one set of 46 chromosones, two cell divisons, and crossing over occurs
