Chapter 10 11 Final

Question 1

What is Myology?

Answer 1

Myology is the study of structure, function
& Diseases of muscles.
640 muscles in human body

Question 2

What are the functions of muscles?

Answer 2

• Movement
  – Stability
  – Protection
  – Control of passageways, blood flow
  – Heat production
  – Glycemic control

Question 3

Structural and functional
differences between the three types of muscles (skeletal, smooth and cardiac).

Answer 3

Skeletal- voluntary, long-threadlike muscle fibers, multiple nuclei, and striations, associated with skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle-line internal organs, fusiform shaped (spindle-shaped cells), one nucleus, no striations, involuntary
Cardiac= found in heart, straited, involuntary, one or two nuclei

Question 4

What is a
fascicle, fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium?

Answer 4

fasicle= bundle of muscle fibers within a muscle
fascia=sheet of connective
tissue that separates muscles
epimsyium= dense regular
connective tissue that surrounds
the entire muscle
perimysium= fibrous
connective tissue that surrounds
a fascicle
endomysium= fine sheath of
reticular fibers surrounding each
muscle fiber

Question 5

What are tendons, aponeurosis,
and retinaculum?

Answer 5

Tendons – a fibrous band
- Biceps brachii, Achilles tendon

Aponeurosis— broad, flat sheet
of tendon (palmar aponeurosis)

Retinaculum— band of
connective tissue under which
tendons from different muscles
pass

Question 6

What are the contractile and regulatory filaments in the
muscles, know their role in muscle physiology?

Answer 6

Contractile proteins (shortening the muscle fiber)—myosin and actin do the work
* Regulatory proteins (act like a switch to determine when a fiber can and cant contract)—tropomyosin and troponin

Question 7

What are the modes of ATP synthesis
during immediate, short term and long term exercise?

Answer 7

immediate exercise= phosphagen system is used for energy
short term= glycogen-lactate system is used
long term exercise= aerobic respiration used

Question 8

What is the cause for muscular
dystrophy?

Answer 8

muscular dystrophy= hereditary when the muscles weaken and gradually get replaced by fat and and fibrous scar tisue
caused by a recessive trait