Chapter 7 Final

Question 1

What is osteology?

Answer 1

study of bone

Question 2

What are the functions of the skeleton system?

Answer 2

support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and blood formation

Question 3

Which
bones develop by intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Answer 3

Intramembranous= flat + irregular
Endochondral= long + short

Question 4

What are osteogenic
cells, osteoblasts and osteoclast cells?

Answer 4

osteogenic cells= give rise to new osteoblasts
osteoblasts= bone-forming cells
osteoclast= bone dissolving cells
osteocyte= mature osteoblasts that are trapped in the matrix

Question 5

What are the different types of bone growth

Answer 5

interstitial growth= bone increases in length
appositional growth= bone increase in width

Question 6

What is Wolff’s law?

Answer 6

idea that the architecture of the bone is determined by mechanical stresses

Question 7

What is the cause and
phenotype of achondroplastic dwarfism?

Answer 7

achondroplastic dwarfism= long bones stop growing in childhood, cartilage growth in the metaphysis (bone for childhood growth)
caused by a spontaneous mutation that produces mutant dominant allele

Question 8

How Calcitriol, Calcitonin, and Parathyroid
Hormone regulate calcium levels to prevent hypo- or hyper- calcemia?

Answer 8

They prevent hypo or hypercalcemia through calcium homeostasis,

Question 9

What are the
different types of fractures and what are the stages in the healing of a fracture?

Answer 9

Stress fracture= abnormal trauma
Pathological fracture= broken by disease
displaced fracture= at least one piece of bone is shifted out
comminuted fracture= bone is broken into three or more pieces
greenstick fracture= bone is incompletely broken on one side but bent on another side
Pott= around ankle
colles= wrist
1. Hematoma formation (hours)
2. Soft callus formation (days)
3. hard callus formation (6 weeks)
4. bone remodeling (3-4 months)