Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psych > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

In forming ___, you must select, process, store, and retrieve information

A

memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Complex thinking: __ lobe active; Working memory: __ and __ lobe active

A

frontalparietal and temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Automatic processing: (incidental information)__: visualize location where certain material appears__: unintentionally note the sequence of the day’s events, and retrace your steps__: effortlessly keep track of how many times things happen

A

SpaceTimeFrequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Brains’ __ processing helps processing go on without our need to pay attention to it

A

parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The amount remembered depends on the __ spent learning

A

time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After we learn material, additional rehearsal (overlearning) __ retention

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Information presented in the __ before sleep is well remembered

A

hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Restudying material for comprehensive final exams will enhance __ retention

A

lifelong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Our memory system processes information by __ its significant features

A

encoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Process info in three key ways: __ its meaning, its __, and by mentally __ it

A

encodingimageorganizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

We tend not to remember things exactly as they were; we remember what we __

A

encoded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Processing a word __ produces better recognition of it at a later time than __

A

semanticallyvisually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Learning meaningful material required __ of the effort as nonsense material

A

one-tenth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Information deemed relevant to me is processed more __ and remains more __

A

deeplyaccessible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Remember __ words lend themselves to imagery more than __, no imagery words

A

concreteabstract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Memory for concrete nouns is aided by encoding them both __ and __

A

semantically and visually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Remember info best when we can organize it into __ meaningful arrangements

A

personally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

People develop an expertise in an area, they process info in __ but also in __ composed of few broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts

A

chunkshierarchies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

We retrieve info efficiently by organizing knowledge in __

A

hierarchies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Without active processing, __ memories have a limited life

A

short-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Short-term memory stores __ or so bits of info

A

seven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Short-term recall is slightly better for random __ than random __

A

digitsletters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

At any given moment, we can __ process only a very limited amount of information

A

consciously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Our capacity for storing __ memories is essentially limitless

A

long-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Our whole past is in complete detail, just waiting to be relived in the brain’s __

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

We do not seem to store most information with the __ of a tape recorder

A

exactness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Given increased activity in a particular pathway, neural interconnections __ or __

A

form or strengthen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Increased __ efficiency makes for more efficient neural circuits

A

synaptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Drugs that block __ interfere with learning; Developing drugs that boost production of the protein __, which can switch genes on and off (genes code production of proteins)

A

LTPCREB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

With repeated neural firing, a nerve cell’s genes produce ___ proteins, enabling long-term memories to form

A

synapse-strengthening

31
Q

Develop drugs to boost __, neurotransmitter that enhances synaptic communication

A

glutamate

32
Q

Passing an electric current through the brain won’t disrupt __ memories, but will wipe out very __ memories

A

oldrecent

33
Q

Stress hormones make more __ available to fuel brain activity

A

glucose

34
Q

__ boost activity in the brain’s memory forming areas

A

Amygdala

35
Q

__ can sear certain events into the brain, while disrupting memory for neutral events

A

Arousal

36
Q

Stronger emotional experiences make for __, more __ memories

A

strongerreliable

37
Q

When prolonged, __ can corrode neural connections and shrink the __, that is vital for laying down memories

A

stresshippocampus

38
Q

Although incapable of recalling new facts or anything they have done recently, people with amnesia can __.They do all these things with no awareness of having __ them

A

learnlearned

39
Q

People with amnesia show __ memory but not __ memory

A

implicitexplicit

40
Q

People with __ hippocampus damage have trouble remembering verbal information while those with __ side damage have trouble recalling visual designs and locations

A

leftright

41
Q

__ memories remain intact even if people lose their hippocampus to surgery or disease

A

Older

42
Q

The longer the hippocampus and its pathway to the cortex are left intact after training, the __ the memory deficit

A

smaller

43
Q

The __ acts as a loading dock to register and temporarily store explicit memories

A

hippocampus

44
Q

__ memories require fewer connections among cortical storage areas; people can still lay down memories for skills and conditioned associations if __ is damaged

A

Implicithippocampus

45
Q

__ plays a key role in forming and storing implicit memories created by classical conditioning

A

Cerebellum

46
Q

We remember more than we can __; __ memory is impressively quick and fast

A

recallrecognition

47
Q

Memories are held in storage by a web of associations, each piece of info is __

A

interconnected

48
Q

When you encode into memory a target piece of info, you __ it with other bits of info

A

associate

49
Q

More retrieval cues you have, __ chance of finding a route to the suspended memory

A

better

50
Q

Best retrieval cues come from __ formed at the time we encode a memory

A

associations

51
Q

You can recall information better when you are in the same __ you encoded the thought in

A

context

52
Q

Past events may arouse specific emotions that later can __ us to recall its associated event

A

prime

53
Q

We associate good or bad events with accompanying emotions, which become __ __

A

retrieval cues

54
Q

Three sins of forgetting__: inattention to details produces encoding failure__: storage decay over time__: inaccessibility of stored information

A

Absent-mindednessTransienceBlocking

55
Q

Three sins of distortion__: confusing the source of information__: the lingering effects of misinformation__: belief-colored recollections

A

MisattributionSuggestibilityBias

56
Q

One sin of intrusion __: unwanted memories

A

Persistence

57
Q

We cannot remember what we fail to encode b/c the info never enters __ memory

A

long-term

58
Q

We encode some info automatically while other info require __ processing

A

effortful

59
Q

What we learn, we may quickly __; course of forgetting is initially __, then __ __ w/ time

A

forgetrapidlevels off

60
Q

Memories fade because of the __ of other learning that disrupts our retrieval

A

accumulation

61
Q

We sometimes __ the info needed to look up a memory and retrieve it

A

lack

62
Q

People unknowingly __ their own histories

A

revise

63
Q

We infer our past from __ __ plus what we now __

A

stored infoassume

64
Q

As memory fades with time following an event, injection of __ becomes easier

A

misinformation

65
Q

As we recount an experience, we fill in memory gaps with plausible __ and __

A

guesses and assumptions

66
Q

People’s initial interpretations influence their __ memories

A

perceptual

67
Q

Memories we derive from experience have more __ than those derived from imagination

A

detail

68
Q

We more easily remember the __ than the words themselves

A

gist

69
Q

Most confident and consistent eyewitnesses are the most __, but not most __

A

persuasiveaccurate

70
Q

To activate retrieval cues, detective first asks witnesses to visualize __; 50% more accurate

A

scene

71
Q

If questioned about experiences in neutral words, kids often __ recall what happened

A

accurately

72
Q

Memories “recovered” under __ or the influence of __ are especially unreliable

A

hypnosisdrugs

73
Q

The most common response to a traumatic experience is not banishment of the experience into the __; such experiences are etched on the mind as __ memories

A

unconsciousnessvivid

74
Q

Describe the Atkinson-Shriffrin Model

A

1) stimuli are recorded by our senses and held briefly in sensory memory2) some of this info is processed into short-term memory and encoded through rehearsal3) info then moves into long-term memory where it can be retrieved later

AP Psych (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions