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AP Psych > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

__ is a socially constructed concept and not a “thing”

A

Intelligence

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2
Q

When referring to IQ we commit a reasoning error called __

A

reification

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3
Q

__ __Mostly affects males, who also may have autism

A

Savant Syndrome

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4
Q

__ __ scores predict performance on various complex tasks, jobs & longevity

A

General intelligence

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5
Q

All forms of intelligence have __ value; __ places greater values on some capacities

A

intrinsic

culture

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6
Q

__ intelligent people are self-aware; enjoy higher-quality __ with friends; can __ __ in pursuit of long-range rewards; are __ smart

A

Emotionally
interactions
delay gratification
emotionally

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7
Q

__ in everyday living requires much that traditional intelligence tests don’t measure

A

Competence

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8
Q

Brain areas supporting __ thinking tested by intelligence tests differ from those supporting the __ thinking that imagines multiple possible answers to a problem

A

convergent

divergent

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9
Q

Five components of creativity beyond a minimal level of aptitude

A

expertise, imaginative thinking skills, a venturesome personality, Intrinsic motivation, and a creative environment

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10
Q

Creative environments free people from concern about __ __

A

social approval

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11
Q

MRI scans do reveal correlation of +.40 between brain size and __ __

A

intelligence score

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12
Q

Intelligence is due to the development of __ __ in response to the environment

A

neural connections

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13
Q

Highly educated people die with more __ than less educated people

A

synapses

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14
Q

Highly intelligent people have more __ __ (ability to develop new neural connections)

A

neural plasticity

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15
Q

Different __ __ compete for the brain’s real estate

A

mental functions

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16
Q

__ __ just above outer edge of eyebrows is a spot where info from various brain areas seem to converge and is very active

A

Frontal lobe area

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17
Q

Verbal intelligence scores are predictable from the __ with which people retrieve info from memory

A

speed

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18
Q

Correlation between intelligence score and __ of taking in perceptual info is +.4 to +.5

A

speed

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19
Q

Those who __ quickly tend to score somewhat higher on intelligence tests

A

perceive

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20
Q

Highly intelligent people’s brain waves register a simple __ more quickly and with greater complexity; evoked brain response is slightly __ when they perform a simple task

A

stimulus

faster

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21
Q

People who more quickly __ __ accumulate more info

A

process info

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22
Q

Binet assumed all children follow the same course of __ development but some develop more rapidly

A

intellectual

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23
Q

To measure __ __, Binet developed varied reasoning and problem solving questions that might predict school achievement using mental __

A

mental age

aptitude

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24
Q

Binet said the only purpose of the test was to identify schoolchildren needing __ __

A

special attention

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25
Q

To raise low scoring children’s capacities, Binet recommended __ __, which would train them to develop their attention span and self discipline

A

mental orthopedics

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26
Q

Today’s intelligence tests produce a __ __ score based on the test-taker’s performance relative to the average performance of others the same age

A

mental ability

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27
Q

Terman’s motive was to take account the inequalities of children in original endowment by assessing their __ __

A

vocational fitness

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28
Q

Achieved vocab influences __ test scores; aptitudes for learning and test-taking influence __ test scores

A

aptitude

achievement

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29
Q

Both aptitude and achievement test asses both __ and its __

A

ability

development

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30
Q

__ test predict future performance; __ tests assess current performance

A

Aptitude

achievement

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31
Q

What does the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) yield?

A

Yields an overall intelligence score, as well as separate scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed

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32
Q

Psychological tests must be __, __, and __

A

standardized, reliable, and valid

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33
Q

College entrance aptitude scores have been __

A

decreasing

34
Q

The higher the correlation b/w test-retest or split-half scores, the higher the test’s __

A

reliability

35
Q

The predictive power of aptitude scores __ as students move up the education ladder

A

diminishes

36
Q

When we validate a test using a wide range of people but then use it with a restricted range of people, it loses much of its __ __

A

predictive validity

37
Q

No measures on __ provide any useful prediction of intelligence scores at much later ages

38
Q

By age 4, children’s performance on intelligence tests begins to __ their adolescent and adult scores

39
Q

high-scoring adolescents tend to have been __ __

A

early readers

40
Q

At age 5, intelligence tests begin to predict __ __

A

school achievement

41
Q

After age 7, intelligence test scores __; __ of scores increases with child’s age

A

stabilize

consistency

42
Q

__ outnumber __ by 50% for mental retardation; many can, with support, live in __ society

A

Males
females
mainstream

43
Q

Children with __ retardation are educated in less restrictive environments and many are integrated (mainstreamed) into regular classrooms

44
Q

Level: Mild
Intelligence score:
Adaptation to Demands of Life:

A

50-70
May learn academic skills up to 6th grade level; adults may, with assistance, achieve self-supporting social and vocational skills

45
Q

Level: Moderate
Intelligence score:
Adaptation to Demands of Life:

A

35-50
May progress to 2nd grade level academically; adults may contribute to their own support by laboring in sheltered workshops

46
Q

Level: Severe
Intelligence score:
Adaptation to Demands of Life:

A

20-35
May learn to talk and to perform simple work tasks under close supervision but are generally unable to profit from vocational training

47
Q

Level: Profound
Intelligence score:
Adaptation to Demands of Life:

A

Below 20

Require constant aid and supervision

48
Q

__ __ scoring children were unusually successful academically, healthy, and well adjusted

49
Q

Children with __ __ __ are sometimes more isolated, introverted, and in their own worlds, but most thrive

A

extraordinary academic gifts

50
Q

Tracking by aptitude sometimes creates a __-__ prophecy: those implicitly labeled “ungifted” can be influenced to become so

A

self-fulfilling

51
Q

__ runs in families

A

Intelligence

52
Q

About 50%-75% of intelligence score variation can be attributed to __ __

A

genetic variation

53
Q

__ __ have very similar gray matter volume, and their brains are virtually the same in areas associated with verbal and spatial reasoning

A

Identical twins

54
Q

Gene in mouse helped create a neural __ involved in memory

55
Q

As we accumulate life experience, __ influences - not __ ones, become apparent

A

genetic

environmental

56
Q

We can attribute to __ 50% of the variation in intelligence

57
Q

If environments become more equal, the __ of intelligence would increase

A

heritability

58
Q

Our __ shape the experiences that shape us

59
Q

__ __ bludgeons native intelligence; infants in a program of “__ __ __” showed dramatic improvement from their deprived condition

A

Extreme deprivation

tutored human enrichment

60
Q

Schools with poverty-level children had less qualified __, and lower __ scores

A

teachers

achievement

61
Q

__ affects cognitive development; improving __ increases intelligence scores

A

Malnutrition

nutrition

62
Q

No __ recipe for superbabies, just normal exposure to sights, sounds, and speech

A

environmental

63
Q

Quality programs, offering individual attention, __ children’s school readiness

64
Q

__ and __ contribute to each other and that both enhance later income

A

Schooling and intelligence

65
Q

__ intelligence is conducive to prolonged schooling; __ scores drop over summer

A

High

intelligence

66
Q

__ groups differ in their average scores on intelligence tests

67
Q

__-__ people (and groups) are more likely to attain high levels of education and income

A

High-scoring

68
Q

Group differences in a heritable trait may be entirely __

A

environmental

69
Q

__ are remarkably alike, and __ is not a neatly defined biological category

A

Races

race

70
Q

Race is primarily a __ __ without well-defined physical boundaries

A

social construction

71
Q

Asian students outperform North American students on __ achievement and aptitude tests

72
Q

__ rise and fall over centuries; it’s difficult to attribute a natural __ to any race

A

Cultures

superiority

73
Q

__ __ see a dramatic increase in average aptitude scores in college because they receive a comparable quality of education

A

African Americans

74
Q

better spellers, more verbally fluent, more capable of remembering words, better memory for locating objects, more sensitive, better at math computation, and better emotion detectors

75
Q

more likely to be underachievers, score higher in math problem solving tests, and have better spatial ability

76
Q

There is __ and __ influences on gender differences in life priorities, and risk taking

A

biological and social

77
Q

Defenders of aptitude testing do not believe in blaming the test for a group’s __ __

A

low scores

78
Q

They believe the aptitude test will detect __ with past experiences and future achievements

A

inequalities

79
Q

Scientific meaning of bias hinges on whether a test is less __ for some groups than others and whether it __ __ behavior only for some groups of test-takers

A

valid

predicts future

80
Q

If you tell students they probably won’t succeed, this __ will eventually erode their performance both on aptitude tests and in school

A

stereotype

81
Q

Aptitude tests are __ in the sense that sensitivity to performance differences is caused by cultural experience

82
Q

Intelligence test scores reflect only one aspect of __ __

A

personal competence

AP Psych (24 decks)

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