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AP Psych > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Three major issues developmental psychology is centered on

A

1) nature/nurture2) continuity/stages3) stability/change

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2
Q

sperm that reach egg release __ __ that eat the egg’s __ covering

A

digestive enzymesprotective

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3
Q

once sperm enters egg, egg __ other sperm from entering

A

blocks

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4
Q

10 days: cells attach to uterine wall forming the __

A

placenta

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5
Q

milestone of zygote stage

A

cells differentiate into specialized locations and structures

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6
Q

milestone of embryo stage

A

differentiated cells develop into organs and bones

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7
Q

can respond to, recognize, and adapt to sounds

A

fetuses

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8
Q

babies gaze more at __ and objects that are __ - __ inches away from face

A

faces8-12

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9
Q

to recognize a new stimulus as different, the infant must remember the __ stimulus

A

initial

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10
Q

__ __ are last to develop that are pathways supporting language and agility

A

association areas

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11
Q

__ __ helps our motor development, __ has limited effects

A

biological maturationexperience

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12
Q

as the brain cortex matures, toddlers gain a sense of __, __ __ storage increases

A

selflong term

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13
Q

__ are systemizers__ are empathizers

A

boysgirls

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14
Q

arithmetic transformations, includes analogies

A

concrete operations

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15
Q

allegorical thinking, includes algebra

A

formal operations

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16
Q

Body contact provides a safe __ and secure __

A

havenbase

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17
Q

less likely to explore surroundings, cling to mom; insensitive, unresponsive

A

insecure attachment

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18
Q

explore environment with mom; sensitive, responsive

A

secure attachment

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19
Q

most abusive parents were __ as kids

A

abused

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20
Q

deprivation of attachment decreases amount of __ which calms aggressive impulses

A

serotonin

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21
Q

all children need is a __, __ relationship with people whom they can __

A

consistent, warmtrust

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22
Q

teens are able to detect __ in others’ reasoning and spot __

A

inconsistencieshypocrisy

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23
Q

What are the 3 stages of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning?

A

preconventional moralityconventional moralityPostconventional morality

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24
Q

moral __ precede moral __.moral __ is more than thinking

A

feelingsreasoningjudgement

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25
Q

morality involves doing the __ __. those who learn __ __ are more successful. moral __ feeds moral __.

A

right thingdelay gratificationaction, attitudes

26
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: Infancy Issue- __ vs __needs are dependably met, develop sense of basic trust

A

Trust vs Mistrust

27
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: toddlerhood Issue- __ vs __. exercise will and do things for themselves or doubt their abilities

A

Autonomy vs shame & doubt

28
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: Preschooler Issue- __ vs __. initiate tasks and carry out plans or feel guilty about efforts to be independent

A

initiative vs guilt

29
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: elementary school Issue- __ vs __. pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or feel inferior

A

competence vs inferiority

30
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: adolescence Issue- __ vs __. work at refining sense of self by testing roles to form a single identity, or confused about who they are

A

identity vs. role confusion

31
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: young adulthood Issue- __ vs __. struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or feel socially isolated

A

intimacy vs isolation

32
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: middle adulthood Issue- __ vs __. discover sense of contribution to the world, through family and work or feel lack of purpose

A

generativity vs. stagnation

33
Q

Erikson’s stages of development: late adulthood Issue- __ vs __. reflecting on life and feel sense of satisfaction or failure

A

integrity vs despair

34
Q

time of diminishing parental influence and growing peer influence

A

adolescence

35
Q

physical vigor has less to do with __ than with a person’s __ and __ habits

A

agehealthexercise

36
Q

Life expectancy:1950 - __2004 - __, some beyond __

A

4967, 80

37
Q

__ becoming a larger population, __ are more prone to dying than __

A

elderlymalesfemales

38
Q

as you get older, the elderly less suffer __ __ ailments, but disease fighting __ __ weakens

A

short termimmune system

39
Q

brain regions important to __ decrease during aging; __ helps brain cell development

A

memoryexercise

40
Q

progressive damage to the brain causing mental erosion

A

dementia

41
Q

elderly people’s ability to remember things depends on if their told to __ (minimal decline) or __ w/o clues (greater decline)

A

recognizerecall

42
Q

emotional instability does not peak during __ __

A

midlife crisis

43
Q

What 2 things dominate life?

A

intimacy: form close relationshipsgenerativity: productive and supportive

44
Q

cohabiting before marriage results in __ divorce and marital __ in the future

A

higherdysfunction

45
Q

__ look at things one failed to do than mistakes made

A

regrets

46
Q

elderly report __ amount of happiness and satisfaction with life as younger people do

A

equal

47
Q

grieving short lived when it comes __ in lifegrieving is severe when death comes __

A

latersuddenly

48
Q

first __ years of life provide a poor basis for predicting a person’s eventual traits

A

2

49
Q

__ is more stable than social attitudes; social attitudes become more stable with __

A

temperamentage

50
Q

1) enables us to depend on others, provide an identity, motivate our concerns2) motivates our concerns about present influences, sustain hope for the future, and lets us adapt and grow with experience

A

1) stability2) change

51
Q

brain forms memories so differently from episodic memory of adulthood that most people can’t recall memories from the first 3 years of life

A

infantile amnesia

52
Q

Describe the origins of attachment

A

physical affection and comfortable body contact not based on being rewarded with food

53
Q

Describe Mary Ainsworth “strange situation”

A

Mom an infant placed in unfamiliar room. Child explores room as mom sits. Stranger enters room, talks to mom, stranger approaches child, and mom leaves. After a few moments, mom returns.

54
Q

Ainsworth experiment:felt distress when mom leaves, seek contact with her when she returns

A

secure attachment

55
Q

Ainsworth experiment:cling to mom, less likely to explore environment, may get loudly upset with mother’s departure and remain upset when she returns

A

insecure attachment (anxious style)

56
Q

Ainsworth experiment:seeming indifferent to mother’s departure and return

A

insecure attachment (avoidant style)

57
Q

What did Erik Erikson believe basic trust is established by?

A

relationships with early caregivers

58
Q

__ may understand risks and consequences, but give more weight to potential __ & __

A

adolescentsrisks and consequences

59
Q

Teens have developed a __ __, but are not in the habit of using the brakes

A

mental accelerator

60
Q

tips at end of chromosomes that wear down with every generation of cell duplication

A

telomeres

61
Q

When do humans reach a peak in the natural physical abilities?

A

mid 20s

AP Psych (24 decks)

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