Chapter 4

Question 1

Three major issues developmental psychology is centered on

Answer 1

1) nature/nurture2) continuity/stages3) stability/change

Question 2

sperm that reach egg release __ __ that eat the egg’s __ covering

Answer 2

digestive enzymesprotective

Question 3

once sperm enters egg, egg __ other sperm from entering

Answer 3

blocks

Question 4

10 days: cells attach to uterine wall forming the __

Answer 4

placenta

Question 5

milestone of zygote stage

Answer 5

cells differentiate into specialized locations and structures

Question 6

milestone of embryo stage

Answer 6

differentiated cells develop into organs and bones

Question 7

can respond to, recognize, and adapt to sounds

Answer 7

fetuses

Question 8

babies gaze more at __ and objects that are __ - __ inches away from face

Answer 8

faces8-12

Question 9

to recognize a new stimulus as different, the infant must remember the __ stimulus

Answer 9

initial

Question 10

__ __ are last to develop that are pathways supporting language and agility

Answer 10

association areas

Question 11

__ __ helps our motor development, __ has limited effects

Answer 11

biological maturationexperience

Question 12

as the brain cortex matures, toddlers gain a sense of __, __ __ storage increases

Answer 12

selflong term

Question 13

__ are systemizers__ are empathizers

Answer 13

boysgirls

Question 14

arithmetic transformations, includes analogies

Answer 14

concrete operations

Question 15

allegorical thinking, includes algebra

Answer 15

formal operations

Question 16

Body contact provides a safe __ and secure __

Answer 16

havenbase

Question 17

less likely to explore surroundings, cling to mom; insensitive, unresponsive

Answer 17

insecure attachment

Question 18

explore environment with mom; sensitive, responsive

Answer 18

secure attachment

Question 19

most abusive parents were __ as kids

Answer 19

abused

Question 20

deprivation of attachment decreases amount of __ which calms aggressive impulses

Answer 20

serotonin

Question 21

all children need is a __, __ relationship with people whom they can __

Answer 21

consistent, warmtrust

Question 22

teens are able to detect __ in others’ reasoning and spot __

Answer 22

inconsistencieshypocrisy

Question 23

What are the 3 stages of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning?

Answer 23

preconventional moralityconventional moralityPostconventional morality

Question 24

moral __ precede moral __.moral __ is more than thinking

Answer 24

feelingsreasoningjudgement

Question 25

morality involves doing the __ __. those who learn __ __ are more successful. moral __ feeds moral __.

Answer 25

right thingdelay gratificationaction, attitudes

Question 26

Erikson's stages of development: Infancy Issue- __ vs __needs are dependably met, develop sense of basic trust

Answer 26

Trust vs Mistrust

Question 27

Erikson's stages of development: toddlerhood Issue- __ vs __. exercise will and do things for themselves or doubt their abilities

Answer 27

Autonomy vs shame & doubt

Question 28

Erikson's stages of development: Preschooler Issue- __ vs __. initiate tasks and carry out plans or feel guilty about efforts to be independent

Answer 28

initiative vs guilt

Question 29

Erikson's stages of development: elementary school Issue- __ vs __. pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or feel inferior

Answer 29

competence vs inferiority

Question 30

Erikson's stages of development: adolescence Issue- __ vs __. work at refining sense of self by testing roles to form a single identity, or confused about who they are

Answer 30

identity vs. role confusion

Question 31

Erikson's stages of development: young adulthood Issue- __ vs __. struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or feel socially isolated

Answer 31

intimacy vs isolation

Question 32

Erikson's stages of development: middle adulthood Issue- __ vs __. discover sense of contribution to the world, through family and work or feel lack of purpose

Answer 32

generativity vs. stagnation

Question 33

Erikson's stages of development: late adulthood Issue- __ vs __. reflecting on life and feel sense of satisfaction or failure

Answer 33

integrity vs despair

Question 34

time of diminishing parental influence and growing peer influence

Answer 34

adolescence

Question 35

physical vigor has less to do with __ than with a person's __ and __ habits

Answer 35

agehealthexercise

Question 36

Life expectancy:1950 - __2004 - __, some beyond __

Answer 36

4967, 80

Question 37

__ becoming a larger population, __ are more prone to dying than __

Answer 37

elderlymalesfemales

Question 38

as you get older, the elderly less suffer __ __ ailments, but disease fighting __ __ weakens

Answer 38

short termimmune system

Question 39

brain regions important to __ decrease during aging; __ helps brain cell development

Answer 39

memoryexercise

Question 40

progressive damage to the brain causing mental erosion

Answer 40

dementia

Question 41

elderly people's ability to remember things depends on if their told to __ (minimal decline) or __ w/o clues (greater decline)

Answer 41

recognizerecall

Question 42

emotional instability does not peak during __ __

Answer 42

midlife crisis

Question 43

What 2 things dominate life?

Answer 43

intimacy: form close relationshipsgenerativity: productive and supportive

Question 44

cohabiting before marriage results in __ divorce and marital __ in the future

Answer 44

higherdysfunction

Question 45

__ look at things one failed to do than mistakes made

Answer 45

regrets

Question 46

elderly report __ amount of happiness and satisfaction with life as younger people do

Answer 46

equal

Question 47

grieving short lived when it comes __ in lifegrieving is severe when death comes __

Answer 47

latersuddenly

Question 48

first __ years of life provide a poor basis for predicting a person's eventual traits

Answer 48

2

Question 49

__ is more stable than social attitudes; social attitudes become more stable with __

Answer 49

temperamentage

Question 50

1) enables us to depend on others, provide an identity, motivate our concerns2) motivates our concerns about present influences, sustain hope for the future, and lets us adapt and grow with experience

Answer 50

1) stability2) change

Question 51

brain forms memories so differently from episodic memory of adulthood that most people can't recall memories from the first 3 years of life

Answer 51

infantile amnesia

Question 52

Describe the origins of attachment

Answer 52

physical affection and comfortable body contact not based on being rewarded with food

Question 53

Describe Mary Ainsworth "strange situation"

Answer 53

Mom an infant placed in unfamiliar room. Child explores room as mom sits. Stranger enters room, talks to mom, stranger approaches child, and mom leaves. After a few moments, mom returns.

Question 54

Ainsworth experiment:felt distress when mom leaves, seek contact with her when she returns

Answer 54

secure attachment

Question 55

Ainsworth experiment:cling to mom, less likely to explore environment, may get loudly upset with mother's departure and remain upset when she returns

Answer 55

insecure attachment (anxious style)

Question 56

Ainsworth experiment:seeming indifferent to mother's departure and return

Answer 56

insecure attachment (avoidant style)

Question 57

What did Erik Erikson believe basic trust is established by?

Answer 57

relationships with early caregivers

Question 58

__ may understand risks and consequences, but give more weight to potential __ & __

Answer 58

adolescentsrisks and consequences

Question 59

Teens have developed a __ __, but are not in the habit of using the brakes

Answer 59

mental accelerator

Question 60

tips at end of chromosomes that wear down with every generation of cell duplication

Answer 60

telomeres

Question 61

When do humans reach a peak in the natural physical abilities?

Answer 61

mid 20s