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AP Psych > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Do not directly guide our behavior

A

genes

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2
Q

Every human shares about __ % of the same DNA, but __ % difference makes you, you

A

99.9%.1%

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3
Q

In extraversion (outgoingness) & neuroticism (emotional instability), __ twins are much more similar than __ twins

A

identicalfraternal

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4
Q

Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were identical twins who were separated at birth & adopted by different families. Virtually alike with __, __, __, __, & __

A

personality, intelligence, heart rate, brain waves, and voices

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5
Q

People grown up together (biologically or not) don’t much resemble one another in __

A

personality

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6
Q

Adoptees’ traits bear more similarities to their __ parents than their __ parents

A

biologicaladoptive

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7
Q

__ factors shared by a family’s children have virtually no impact on personality

A

Environmental

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8
Q

__ do influence children’s attitudes, values, manners, faith, and politics

A

Parents

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9
Q

Biologically rooted __ helps form our enduring personality

A

temperament

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10
Q

__ refers to the extent to which differences among people are attributable to genes

A

Heritability

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11
Q

The more __ environments are, heredity as a source of differences becomes important

A

similar

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12
Q

Heritable __ differences need not imply heritable __ differences

A

individualgroup

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13
Q

__ respond to environments and are self-regulating

A

Genes

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14
Q

human differences are nearly always the result of both __ and __ influences

A

geneticenvironmental

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15
Q

Goal of __ __: find some of the many genes that influence normal human traits. Seek link b/w certain genes or chromosome segments and specific disorders

A

molecular genetics

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16
Q

When certain traits are selected (by reproductive advantage), those traits will __ over time

A

prevail

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17
Q

Our adaptive flexibility to environments contribute to our __: ability to survive & reproduce

A

fitness

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18
Q

we are __ prepared for a world that no longer exists

A

biologically

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19
Q

__ are more likely than females to initiate sexual activity

A

Males

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20
Q

Casual, impulsive sex is most frequent among __ with traditional __ attitudes

A

malesmasculine

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21
Q

__ have lower threshold for perceiving warm responses as a sexual come-on. __ more often than __ attribute a __ friendliness to sexual interest

A

MenMenwomenwoman’s

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22
Q

Woman normally incubate & nurse __ __ , while males spread genes to other __

A

one infantfemales

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23
Q

Men believe __ looking women are more attractive

24
Q

Women are attracted to __, __, __, & __ males

A

mature, dominant, bold, and affluent

25
Q

__ are greater risk takers; have genetic tradeoff b/w distributing one’s genes or co-parenting

26
Q

__ __ reassure that the sexes are more alike than different & humans have a great capacity for learning and social progress

A

Evolutionary psychologists

27
Q

Problem with evolutionary perspective

A

starts with an effect and works backward to propose an explanation

28
Q

__ helps develop our brain’s neural connections

A

Experience

29
Q

Rosenzweig and Krech: studied rats in impoverished and enriched environments, and looked at brain cortex size __ with better environment

30
Q

Stimulation of touch or massage __ infants (gain __ & develop __ rapidly)

A

benefitsweightneurologically

31
Q

Child’s enriched environment activates and preserves __. As a child, excess __ are still on call and it’s easier to learn new things

A

connectionsconnections

32
Q

Power of family environment is __ in children’s attitudes, beliefs, manners, & success

33
Q

Shared environment among children account for less than __% of differences in personality

34
Q

__ to group influences to establish ourselves and be accepted in different groups

35
Q

If everyone lived in homogeneous ethnic groups, cultural diversity would be less __

36
Q

Cultures vary in __, __ & __

A

expressiveness, pace of life, and punctuality

37
Q

Cannot explain __ changes by changes in human gene pool which evolves far too slowly to account for high-speed __ transformations

A

culturalcultural

38
Q

Concept: SelfIndividualism:Collectivism:

A

Individualism: independentCollectivism: interdependent

39
Q

Concept: Life taskIndividualism:Collectivism:

A

Individualism: express one’s uniquenessCollectivism: keep connections, perform role

40
Q

Concept: What mattersIndividualism:Collectivism:

A

Individualism: me- personal achievement, self-esteemCollectivism: us- group goals, solidarity, family duty

41
Q

Concept: Coping methodIndividualism:Collectivism:

A

Individualism: change realityCollectivism: accommodate to reality

42
Q

Concept: MoralityIndividualism:Collectivism:

A

Individualism: defined by individualsCollectivism: defined by social networks

43
Q

Concept: RelationshipsIndividualism:Collectivism:

A

Individualism: many, temporary or casual, confrontation acceptableCollectivism: few, close and enduring, harmony valued

44
Q

Concept: Attributing BehaviorIndividualism:Collectivism:

A

Individualism: reflects one’s personality and attitudesCollectivism: reflects social norms and roles

45
Q

__ __: parents want children to think for themselves__ __: focus on cultivating emotional closeness, strong sense of family self- shames child shames family, honor to family, honor to self

A

Western societyAsia / Africa

46
Q

__ behave more aggressive. Aggression gender gap pertains to __ rather than __ aggression

A

menphysicalverbal

47
Q

more dominant, forceful, independent, leaders, directive, autocratic, opinionistic, powerful, receive higher pay, hold most gov’t positions

48
Q

deferential, nurturant, affiliative, democratic, decision makers, supporters

49
Q

__ differ from __ b/c they’re less concerned with being separate individuals and in being more concerned with making connections

A

Femalesmales

50
Q

__: play in large groups, emphasize freedom, self-reliance; __: play in small groups, less competitive, more open & responsive to feedback, more caring, open to spirituality, strong bonds, talk more often & openly, turn to others in stress

51
Q

Women use conversation to __ __ , men use it to __ __

A

explore relationshipscommunicate solutions

52
Q

Children organize themselves into __ and __ __

A

boygirl worlds

53
Q

We’re the product of __ & __, also an open system

A

nature and nurture

54
Q

environment acts on the surface of genes to alter their activity

A

epigenetics

55
Q

testes develop at __ weeks and produce a flood of testosterone

56
Q

guide development of external sex organs

57
Q

during the __ and __ month of pregnancy, sex hormones bathe fetal brain

AP Psych (24 decks)

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