Chapter 9

Question 1

Arthrology

Answer 1

The study of joints

Question 2

Gliding Motion

Answer 2

Two opposing surfaces sliding back-and-forth or side-to-side; angle between bones unchanged; limited movement (plane joints)

Question 3

Angular Motion

Answer 3

Either increases or decreases angle between two bones

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

Movement in an anterior-posterior plane; decreases angle between bones

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

Increases angle between articulating bones; opposite of flexion

Question 6

Hyperextension

Answer 6

Joint extended more than 180 degrees

Question 7

Lateral Flexion

Answer 7

Trunk of body moving in coronal plane laterally; occurs primarily between vertebrae in the cervical and lumbar region

Question 8

Adduction

Answer 8

Medial movement of body part toward midline

Question 9

Abduction

Answer 9

Lateral movement of body part away from midline

Question 10

Circumduction

Answer 10

Proximal end of appendage relatively stationary; dital end makes a circular motion; Occurs as a result of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction

Question 11

Lateral Rotation

Answer 11

turns anterior surface of femur or humerus laterally

Question 12

Medial Rotation

Answer 12

turns anterior surface of femur or humerus medially

Question 13

Pronation

Answer 13

Medial rotation of forearm so palm of the hand posterior

Question 14

Supination

Answer 14

lateral rotation of the forearm so palm of the hand anterior

Question 15

Depression

Answer 15

Inferior movement of a part of the body

Question 16

Elevation

Answer 16

Superior movement of a body part

Question 17

Dorsiflexion

Answer 17

Talocrural (ankle) joint bent so the dorsum of the foot moves toward the leg (toes up)

Question 18

Plantar Flexion

Answer 18

Talocrural joint bent so the dorsum is pointed inferiorly (toes down)

Question 19

Inversion

Answer 19

Sole turns medially; occurs at the intertarsal joints of the foot only

Question 20

Eversion

Answer 20

Occurs at the intertarsal joints only; sole turns laterally

Question 21

Protraction

Answer 21

Anterior movement from anatomic position (chin forward)

Question 22

Retraction

Answer 22

Posterior movement from anatomic position (chin back)

Question 23

Meniscus

Answer 23

partially stabilize joint medially and laterally; act as cushioning between articular surfaces

Question 24

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 24

extends from posterior femur to anterior tibia; prevents hyperextension; prevents tibia moving too far anteriorly on the femur

Question 25

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 25

Runs from anteroinferior femur to posterior tibia; prevents hyperflexion; prevents posterior displacement of tibia on the femur

Question 26

Fibular collateral ligament

Answer 26

reinforces lateral surface of the joint; prevents hyperadduction of leg at the knee

Question 27

Tibial collateral ligament

Answer 27

Reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint; extends from femur to tibia; prevents hyperabduction of leg at the knee

Question 28

Tibiofemoral joint

Answer 28

between condyles of femur and condyles of tibia

Question 29

Patellofemoral joint

Answer 29

between patella and patellar surface of femur

Question 30

Patellar ligament

Answer 30

extends from patella to the tibial tuberosity

Question 31

Quadriceps femoris tendon

Answer 31

Passes over knee’s anterior surface; patella embedded here

Question 32

Plane Joint

Answer 32

Between tarsal bones, slides along one plane, uniaxial

Question 33

Hinge Joint

Answer 33

elbow, uniaxial

Question 34

Pivot Joint

Answer 34

turning, uniaxial

Question 35

Condylar Joint

Answer 35

biaxial, joystick, allows rotation but no movement

Question 36

Saddle Joint

Answer 36

biaxial and movable joint that allows movements on two planes-flexion or extension and abduction or adduction

Question 37

Ball and Socket

Answer 37

a rounded bone moving within a depression of another bone