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Anatomy > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Whole Blood

A

Plasma and formed elements; separated into parts by a centrifuge

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2
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood Cells; 44% of whole blood; transport respiratory gasses in the blood; anucleated; short lifespan; packed with hemoglobin

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3
Q

Buffy Coat

A

Composed of leukocytes and platelets

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4
Q

Plasma

A

55% of whole blood; fluid portion of blood; contains plasma proteins and dissolved solutes; extracellular fluid; higher protein concentration to interstitial fluid

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5
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells; defend against pathogens; immune system cells

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6
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes; help form clots to prevent blood loss; anucleated; circulate for 8-10 days then broken down and recycled; membrane-enclosed cell fragments

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7
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation; protection; Regulation of body conditions; body temperature; body ph; fluid balance

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8
Q

Albumins

A

Smallest and most abundant plasma proteins; exert the greatest osmotic pressure; act as transport proteins for some lipids, hormones, and ions;

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9
Q

Gobulins

A

alpha-gobulins are smaller; beta-gobulins are smaller; transport some water-insoluble molecules, hormones, metals, ions

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10
Q

Fibrinogen

A

makes up 4% of plasma proteins; contributes to blood clot formation

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11
Q

Regulatory Proteins

A

includes enzymes and hormones

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12
Q

Hematocrit

A

Volume of all formed elements; percentage of erythrocytes; Males have a slightly higher percentage than females due to testosterone

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13
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

production of formed elements; occurs in red bone marrow

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14
Q

Hemocytoblasts

A

Blood stem cells

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15
Q

Pluripotent

A

can differentiate into many types of cells; Myeloid line and lymphoid line

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16
Q

Myeloid Line

A

forms erythrocytes, and all leukocytes except lymphocytes

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17
Q

Lymphoid Line

A

forms only lymphocytes

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18
Q

Colony-Stimulating Factors

A

stimulate hemopoiesis

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19
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

red blood cell production

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20
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

production of leukocytes

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21
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

platelet production

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22
Q

Hemoglobin

A

red-pigmented protein; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide; Composed of four globins; oxygen bonds to iron weakly; carbon dioxide binds to globin protein weakly

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23
Q

Agglutination

A

Caused by incompatible blood transfusions; recipient antibodies bind to erythrocytes and clump them together;

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24
Q

Granulocyte

A

has granules with enzymes that are released (Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)

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25
Q

Agranulocyte

A

No granules; lymphocyte and monocyte

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26
Q

Neutrophils

A

50-70% of total leukocytes; phagocytize pathogens; granulocyte

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27
Q

Basophils

A

Release granules containing chemicals that attract immune cells; granulocyte

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28
Q

Eosinophils

A

Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and parasites; granulocyte

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29
Q

Monocytes

A

2-8% of total leukocytes; exit blood vessels and become macrophages; phagocytize pathogens and cellular fragments; agranulocyte

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30
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-40% of total leukocytes; coordinate immune cell activity; attack pathogens and abnormal and infected cells; produce antibodies; adaptive immunity; agranulocyte

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31
Q

T-lymphocytes

A

effective against antigen within cells; requires antigen-presenting cell

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32
Q

B-lymphocytes

A

effective against antigen outside cells; does not require antigen-presenting cell

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33
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

Destroy unhealthy and unwanted cells by releasing cytotoxic chemicals

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34
Q

Hemostasis

A

stoppage of bleeding; vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation phase

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35
Q

Vascular Spasm

A

blood vessel constricts to limit blood escape

36
Q

Platelet Plug Formation

A

Platelets arrive at site of injury and stick to exposed collagen fibers

37
Q

Coagulation Phase

A

Coagulation converts inactive proteins to active forms which ultimately forms fibrin strands of a blood clot

38
Q

Hemophilia

A

Bleeding disorder caused by genetic mutations; X-linked recessive inheritance; more likely seen in males

39
Q

Surface Antigens

A

Project from erythrocyte membrane (A antigens on type A blood)

40
Q

Rh Factor

A

determines if blood type is positive or negative; only appear after negative person is exposed to positive blood

41
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Provided by multiple components that protect against a wide array of substances (skin and mucosal membrane and non specific internal defenses (immune cells, chemicals, physiologic responses of inflammation and fever)

42
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

provided by lymphocytes that are activated to replicate and respond when stimulated by a specific antigen

43
Q

Leukemia

A

malignancy in leukocyte-forming cells; abnormal development and proliferation of leukocytes; results in anemia and bleeding

44
Q

Plasma and formed elements; separated into parts by a centrifuge

A

Whole Blood

45
Q

Red Blood Cells; 44% of whole blood; transport respiratory gasses in the blood; anucleated; short lifespan; packed with hemoglobin

A

Erythrocytes

46
Q

Composed of leukocytes and platelets

A

Buffy Coat

47
Q

55% of whole blood; fluid portion of blood; contains plasma proteins and dissolved solutes; extracellular fluid; higher protein concentration to interstitial fluid

48
Q

White blood cells; defend against pathogens; immune system cells

A

Leukocytes

49
Q

Thrombocytes; help form clots to prevent blood loss; anucleated; circulate for 8-10 days then broken down and recycled; membrane-enclosed cell fragments

50
Q

Transportation; protection; Regulation of body conditions; body temperature; body ph; fluid balance

A

Functions of blood

51
Q

Smallest and most abundant plasma proteins; exert the greatest osmotic pressure; act as transport proteins for some lipids, hormones, and ions;

52
Q

alpha-gobulins are smaller; beta-gobulins are smaller; transport some water-insoluble molecules, hormones, metals, ions

53
Q

makes up 4% of plasma proteins; contributes to blood clot formation

A

Fibrinogen

54
Q

includes enzymes and hormones

A

Regulatory Proteins

55
Q

Volume of all formed elements; percentage of erythrocytes; Males have a slightly higher percentage than females due to testosterone

A

Hematocrit

56
Q

production of formed elements; occurs in red bone marrow

A

Hemopoiesis

57
Q

Blood stem cells

A

Hemocytoblasts

58
Q

can differentiate into many types of cells; Myeloid line and lymphoid line

A

Pluripotent

59
Q

forms erythrocytes, and all leukocytes except lymphocytes

A

Myeloid Line

60
Q

forms only lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid Line

61
Q

stimulate hemopoiesis

A

Colony-Stimulating Factors

62
Q

red blood cell production

A

Erythropoiesis

63
Q

production of leukocytes

A

Leukopoiesis

64
Q

platelet production

A

Thrombopoiesis

65
Q

red-pigmented protein; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide; Composed of four globins; oxygen bonds to iron weakly; carbon dioxide binds to globin protein weakly

A

Hemoglobin

66
Q

Caused by incompatible blood transfusions; recipient antibodies bind to erythrocytes and clump them together;

A

Agglutination

67
Q

has granules with enzymes that are released (Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)

A

Granulocyte

68
Q

No granules; lymphocyte and monocyte

A

Agranulocyte

69
Q

50-70% of total leukocytes; phagocytize pathogens; granulocyte

A

Neutrophils

70
Q

Release granules containing chemicals that attract immune cells; granulocyte

71
Q

Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and parasites; granulocyte

A

Eosinophils

72
Q

2-8% of total leukocytes; exit blood vessels and become macrophages; phagocytize pathogens and cellular fragments; agranulocyte

73
Q

20-40% of total leukocytes; coordinate immune cell activity; attack pathogens and abnormal and infected cells; produce antibodies; adaptive immunity; agranulocyte

A

Lymphocytes

74
Q

effective against antigen within cells; requires antigen-presenting cell

A

T-lymphocytes

75
Q

effective against antigen outside cells; does not require antigen-presenting cell

A

B-lymphocytes

76
Q

Destroy unhealthy and unwanted cells by releasing cytotoxic chemicals

A

Natural Killer Cells

77
Q

stoppage of bleeding; vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation phase

A

Hemostasis

78
Q

blood vessel constricts to limit blood escape

A

Vascular Spasm

79
Q

Platelets arrive at site of injury and stick to exposed collagen fibers

A

Platelet Plug Formation

80
Q

Coagulation converts inactive proteins to active forms which ultimately forms fibrin strands of a blood clot

A

Coagulation Phase

81
Q

Bleeding disorder caused by genetic mutations; X-linked recessive inheritance; more likely seen in males

A

Hemophilia

82
Q

Project from erythrocyte membrane (A antigens on type A blood)

A

Surface Antigens

83
Q

determines if blood type is positive or negative; only appear after negative person is exposed to positive blood

84
Q

Provided by multiple components that protect against a wide array of substances (skin and mucosal membrane and non specific internal defenses (immune cells, chemicals, physiologic responses of inflammation and fever)

A

Innate Immunity

85
Q

provided by lymphocytes that are activated to replicate and respond when stimulated by a specific antigen

A

Adaptive Immunity

86
Q

malignancy in leukocyte-forming cells; abnormal development and proliferation of leukocytes; results in anemia and bleeding

Anatomy (26 decks)

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