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Anatomy > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Whole Blood

A

Plasma and formed elements; separated into parts by a centrifuge

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2
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood Cells; 44% of whole blood; transport respiratory gasses in the blood; anucleated; short lifespan; packed with hemoglobin

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3
Q

Buffy Coat

A

Composed of leukocytes and platelets

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4
Q

Plasma

A

55% of whole blood; fluid portion of blood; contains plasma proteins and dissolved solutes; extracellular fluid; higher protein concentration to interstitial fluid

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5
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells; defend against pathogens; immune system cells

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6
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes; help form clots to prevent blood loss; anucleated; circulate for 8-10 days then broken down and recycled; membrane-enclosed cell fragments

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7
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation; protection; Regulation of body conditions; body temperature; body ph; fluid balance

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8
Q

Albumins

A

Smallest and most abundant plasma proteins; exert the greatest osmotic pressure; act as transport proteins for some lipids, hormones, and ions;

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9
Q

Gobulins

A

alpha-gobulins are smaller; beta-gobulins are smaller; transport some water-insoluble molecules, hormones, metals, ions

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10
Q

Fibrinogen

A

makes up 4% of plasma proteins; contributes to blood clot formation

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11
Q

Regulatory Proteins

A

includes enzymes and hormones

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12
Q

Hematocrit

A

Volume of all formed elements; percentage of erythrocytes; Males have a slightly higher percentage than females due to testosterone

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13
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

production of formed elements; occurs in red bone marrow

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14
Q

Hemocytoblasts

A

Blood stem cells

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15
Q

Pluripotent

A

can differentiate into many types of cells; Myeloid line and lymphoid line

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16
Q

Myeloid Line

A

forms erythrocytes, and all leukocytes except lymphocytes

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17
Q

Lymphoid Line

A

forms only lymphocytes

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18
Q

Colony-Stimulating Factors

A

stimulate hemopoiesis

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19
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

red blood cell production

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20
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

production of leukocytes

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21
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

platelet production

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22
Q

Hemoglobin

A

red-pigmented protein; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide; Composed of four globins; oxygen bonds to iron weakly; carbon dioxide binds to globin protein weakly

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23
Q

Agglutination

A

Caused by incompatible blood transfusions; recipient antibodies bind to erythrocytes and clump them together;

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24
Q

Granulocyte

A

has granules with enzymes that are released (Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)

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25
Agranulocyte
No granules; lymphocyte and monocyte
26
Neutrophils
50-70% of total leukocytes; phagocytize pathogens; granulocyte
27
Basophils
Release granules containing chemicals that attract immune cells; granulocyte
28
Eosinophils
Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and parasites; granulocyte
29
Monocytes
2-8% of total leukocytes; exit blood vessels and become macrophages; phagocytize pathogens and cellular fragments; agranulocyte
30
Lymphocytes
20-40% of total leukocytes; coordinate immune cell activity; attack pathogens and abnormal and infected cells; produce antibodies; adaptive immunity; agranulocyte
31
T-lymphocytes
effective against antigen within cells; requires antigen-presenting cell
32
B-lymphocytes
effective against antigen outside cells; does not require antigen-presenting cell
33
Natural Killer Cells
Destroy unhealthy and unwanted cells by releasing cytotoxic chemicals
34
Hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding; vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation phase
35
Vascular Spasm
blood vessel constricts to limit blood escape
36
Platelet Plug Formation
Platelets arrive at site of injury and stick to exposed collagen fibers
37
Coagulation Phase
Coagulation converts inactive proteins to active forms which ultimately forms fibrin strands of a blood clot
38
Hemophilia
Bleeding disorder caused by genetic mutations; X-linked recessive inheritance; more likely seen in males
39
Surface Antigens
Project from erythrocyte membrane (A antigens on type A blood)
40
Rh Factor
determines if blood type is positive or negative; only appear after negative person is exposed to positive blood
41
Innate Immunity
Provided by multiple components that protect against a wide array of substances (skin and mucosal membrane and non specific internal defenses (immune cells, chemicals, physiologic responses of inflammation and fever)
42
Adaptive Immunity
provided by lymphocytes that are activated to replicate and respond when stimulated by a specific antigen
43
Leukemia
malignancy in leukocyte-forming cells; abnormal development and proliferation of leukocytes; results in anemia and bleeding
44
Plasma and formed elements; separated into parts by a centrifuge
Whole Blood
45
Red Blood Cells; 44% of whole blood; transport respiratory gasses in the blood; anucleated; short lifespan; packed with hemoglobin
Erythrocytes
46
Composed of leukocytes and platelets
Buffy Coat
47
55% of whole blood; fluid portion of blood; contains plasma proteins and dissolved solutes; extracellular fluid; higher protein concentration to interstitial fluid
Plasma
48
White blood cells; defend against pathogens; immune system cells
Leukocytes
49
Thrombocytes; help form clots to prevent blood loss; anucleated; circulate for 8-10 days then broken down and recycled; membrane-enclosed cell fragments
Platelets
50
Transportation; protection; Regulation of body conditions; body temperature; body ph; fluid balance
Functions of blood
51
Smallest and most abundant plasma proteins; exert the greatest osmotic pressure; act as transport proteins for some lipids, hormones, and ions;
Albumins
52
alpha-gobulins are smaller; beta-gobulins are smaller; transport some water-insoluble molecules, hormones, metals, ions
Gobulins
53
makes up 4% of plasma proteins; contributes to blood clot formation
Fibrinogen
54
includes enzymes and hormones
Regulatory Proteins
55
Volume of all formed elements; percentage of erythrocytes; Males have a slightly higher percentage than females due to testosterone
Hematocrit
56
production of formed elements; occurs in red bone marrow
Hemopoiesis
57
Blood stem cells
Hemocytoblasts
58
can differentiate into many types of cells; Myeloid line and lymphoid line
Pluripotent
59
forms erythrocytes, and all leukocytes except lymphocytes
Myeloid Line
60
forms only lymphocytes
Lymphoid Line
61
stimulate hemopoiesis
Colony-Stimulating Factors
62
red blood cell production
Erythropoiesis
63
production of leukocytes
Leukopoiesis
64
platelet production
Thrombopoiesis
65
red-pigmented protein; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide; Composed of four globins; oxygen bonds to iron weakly; carbon dioxide binds to globin protein weakly
Hemoglobin
66
Caused by incompatible blood transfusions; recipient antibodies bind to erythrocytes and clump them together;
Agglutination
67
has granules with enzymes that are released (Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)
Granulocyte
68
No granules; lymphocyte and monocyte
Agranulocyte
69
50-70% of total leukocytes; phagocytize pathogens; granulocyte
Neutrophils
70
Release granules containing chemicals that attract immune cells; granulocyte
Basophils
71
Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and parasites; granulocyte
Eosinophils
72
2-8% of total leukocytes; exit blood vessels and become macrophages; phagocytize pathogens and cellular fragments; agranulocyte
Monocytes
73
20-40% of total leukocytes; coordinate immune cell activity; attack pathogens and abnormal and infected cells; produce antibodies; adaptive immunity; agranulocyte
Lymphocytes
74
effective against antigen within cells; requires antigen-presenting cell
T-lymphocytes
75
effective against antigen outside cells; does not require antigen-presenting cell
B-lymphocytes
76
Destroy unhealthy and unwanted cells by releasing cytotoxic chemicals
Natural Killer Cells
77
stoppage of bleeding; vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation phase
Hemostasis
78
blood vessel constricts to limit blood escape
Vascular Spasm
79
Platelets arrive at site of injury and stick to exposed collagen fibers
Platelet Plug Formation
80
Coagulation converts inactive proteins to active forms which ultimately forms fibrin strands of a blood clot
Coagulation Phase
81
Bleeding disorder caused by genetic mutations; X-linked recessive inheritance; more likely seen in males
Hemophilia
82
Project from erythrocyte membrane (A antigens on type A blood)
Surface Antigens
83
determines if blood type is positive or negative; only appear after negative person is exposed to positive blood
Rh Factor
84
Provided by multiple components that protect against a wide array of substances (skin and mucosal membrane and non specific internal defenses (immune cells, chemicals, physiologic responses of inflammation and fever)
Innate Immunity
85
provided by lymphocytes that are activated to replicate and respond when stimulated by a specific antigen
Adaptive Immunity
86
malignancy in leukocyte-forming cells; abnormal development and proliferation of leukocytes; results in anemia and bleeding
Leukemia

Anatomy (26 decks)

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