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Anatomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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2
Q

Microscopy

A

The use of a microscope to view small-scale structure

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3
Q

SEM microscopy

A

Scanning electron microscopy - Detailed three-dimensional study of a specimen’s surface

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4
Q

TEM

A

Transmission Electron Microscopy - directs an electron beam though a thin-cut section of the specimen

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5
Q

LM

A

Light Microscopy - produces a two-dimensional image by passing visible light through the specimen

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6
Q

Cytosol

A

Intracellular fluid - high water content that contains many dissolved macromolecules

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7
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

The outer, limiting barrier separating the internal content of the cell from the external environment; Phospholipid bilayer (The gatekeeper)

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8
Q

Microvilli

A

Increase surface area

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9
Q

Cilia

A

Beat and move; clear spaces such as mucus from an airway

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10
Q

Flagelllum

A

Used for motility (Sperm Cells)

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11
Q

Translation

A

Uses RNA for synthesis of protein by ribosomes in cytoplasm (AUCG)

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12
Q

Transcription

A

Ribonucleic acid copy of a gene formed from DNA in the nucleus (ATCG)

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13
Q

Codon

A

3 base unit used in Translation; start codon is AUG; stop codon is UAA, UAG, or UGA

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14
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division that occurs in somatic cells

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15
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division in sex cells

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16
Q

Passive vs Active transport

A

Passive requires no energy; Active transport needs energy

17
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of a substance from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration; continues until equilibrium if unopposed

18
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive movement of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane; Occurs in response to differences in water concentration on either side of a membrane

19
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Channel - mediated and Carrier- mediated

20
Q

Channel-mediated diffusion

A

movement is facilitated by channels across the plasma membrane;

21
Q

Carrier-mediated

A

Small polar molecule movement is facilitated by protein carriers across the plasma membrane

22
Q

Endocytosis

A

Material brought into cell as vesicle is formed

23
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicular contents released from cell

24
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cellular Eating

25
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cellular drinking

26
Q

Receptor-mediated Enocytosis

A

A receptor is required to bring the material into the cell; More targeted than pinocytosis

27
Q

Ribosomes

A

Particles in cytoplasm containing RNA and proteins; both free and attached to rough ER; Participate in protein synthesis

28
Q

Rough ER

A

Membranous network studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis

29
Q

Smooth ER

A

Membranous network lacking ribosomes involved with lipid and steroid synthesis

30
Q

Centrosomes

A

Pair of perpendicularly oriented cylindrical centrioles; organizes microtubules that facilitate chromosome movement

31
Q

Lysosome

A

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes

32
Q

Microtubules

A

Tubulin protein inclusions that support the cell and assist in intracellular transport

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

Double-membrane (outer and folded inner) organelles that produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation for energy

34
Q

Microfilaments

A

Fine filaments of actin, the contractile protein, that provide strength, support, and intracellular movement and are involved in muscle contraction

35
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

One or more flattened stacks of membranes that modify and package proteins and lipids for intracellular or extracellular use

36
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Small vesicles in cytoplasm that detoxify toxic substances

37
Q

Nucleus

A

The control structure of the cell is surrounded by an inner and outer membrane; contains chromosomes, enzymes, and the nucleolus

38
Q

Membrane Bound Organelles

A

ER; Golgi Apparatus; Lysosomes, Peroxisomes; Mitochondria

39
Q

Non-Membrane-Bound Organelles

A

Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Centrosomes, Proteasome

Anatomy (26 decks)

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