Chapter 4 Flashcards
Cytology
The study of cells
Microscopy
The use of a microscope to view small-scale structure
SEM microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy - Detailed three-dimensional study of a specimen’s surface
TEM
Transmission Electron Microscopy - directs an electron beam though a thin-cut section of the specimen
LM
Light Microscopy - produces a two-dimensional image by passing visible light through the specimen
Cytosol
Intracellular fluid - high water content that contains many dissolved macromolecules
Plasma Membrane
The outer, limiting barrier separating the internal content of the cell from the external environment; Phospholipid bilayer (The gatekeeper)
Microvilli
Increase surface area
Cilia
Beat and move; clear spaces such as mucus from an airway
Flagelllum
Used for motility (Sperm Cells)
Translation
Uses RNA for synthesis of protein by ribosomes in cytoplasm (AUCG)
Transcription
Ribonucleic acid copy of a gene formed from DNA in the nucleus (ATCG)
Codon
3 base unit used in Translation; start codon is AUG; stop codon is UAA, UAG, or UGA
Mitosis
Cell division that occurs in somatic cells
Meiosis
Cell division in sex cells
Passive vs Active transport
Passive requires no energy; Active transport needs energy
Diffusion
Net movement of a substance from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration; continues until equilibrium if unopposed
Osmosis
Passive movement of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane; Occurs in response to differences in water concentration on either side of a membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
Channel - mediated and Carrier- mediated
Channel-mediated diffusion
movement is facilitated by channels across the plasma membrane;
Carrier-mediated
Small polar molecule movement is facilitated by protein carriers across the plasma membrane
Endocytosis
Material brought into cell as vesicle is formed
Exocytosis
Vesicular contents released from cell
Phagocytosis
Cellular Eating
