Chapter 20

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Convey blood from heart to capillaries; more muscular control; Have thicker walls than veins; more elastic and collagen fibers so hold their shape

Question 2

Capillaries

Answer 2

exchange substances between blood and tissues; contain only tunica intima; thin wall allows for rapid gas and nutrient exchange

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

transport blood from capillaries to heart; thicker tunica externa and larger lumen; wall collapses if no blood in vessel

Question 4

Lumen

Answer 4

Space inside a blood vessel

Question 5

Tunica Intima

Answer 5

innermost layer of vessel wall; endothelium of simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

Tunica Media

Answer 6

Middle layer of vessel; smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers;

Question 7

Tunica Externa

Answer 7

Outermost layer of vessel; areolar CT; helps anchor vessel to other structures;

Question 8

Elastic Arteries

Answer 8

Conducting arteries; largest; conduct blood from heart to muscular arteries; aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid, common iliac arteries

Question 9

Muscular Arteries

Answer 9

Distributing arteries to specific body regions; muscle allows vasoconstriction; elastic tissue in 2 layers (internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina); most named arteries (brachial and coronary arteries)

Question 10

Arterioles

Answer 10

smallest arteries; smooth muscle usually somewhat constricted; regulate systemic blood pressure and blood flow

Question 11

Capillary Characteristics

Answer 11

wall consists of endothelial layer on basement membrane; thin wall and small diameter are optimal for exchange between blood and tissue fluid

Question 12

Continuous Capillaries

Answer 12

continuous lining of endothelial cells; tight junctions but no complete seal; mostly small molecule and gas exchange; muscle, skin, lungs, CNS

Question 13

Fenestrated Capillaries

Answer 13

continuous lining but the cells have fenestrations (pores); found in areas with major fluid transport (intestine and kidney)

Question 14

Sinusoids

Answer 14

Incomplete lining with large gaps; basement membrane is incomplete or absent; transport of large substances and even full blood cells; found in bone marrow, spleen, and some endocrine glands

Question 15

Capillary Beds

Answer 15

Groups of capillaries functioning together; fed by metarteriole

Question 16

Metarteriole

Answer 16

a vessel branch of an arteriole

Question 17

True Capillaries

Answer 17

vessels branching from metarteriole

Question 18

Precapillary Sphincter

Answer 18

smooth muscle ring at true capillary origin; relaxation permits blood to flow into capillaries;

Question 19

Venules

Answer 19

smallest veins; merge to form veins

Question 20

Small, medium and large veins

Answer 20

Small and medium travel with muscular arteries; large veins travel with elastic arteries

Question 21

Simple Pathway

Answer 21

one major artery delivers blood to organ or region

Question 22

Arterial Anastomosis

Answer 22

2 or more arteries converge to supply the same region

Question 23

Venous Anastomosis

Answer 23

2 or more veins converge to drain the same region

Question 24

Arteriovenous Anastomosis

Answer 24

Transports blood from artery directly to vein (shunt); allows areas to be bypassed if body is hypothermic

Question 25

Portal system

Answer 25

2 capillary beds in sequence with each other

Question 26

Angiogenesis

Answer 26

formation of new vessels

Question 27

Regression

Answer 27

Return to previous state of blood vessels

Question 28

Companion Vessels

Answer 28

lie next to each other

Question 29

Atherosclerosis

Answer 29

progressive disease of elastic and muscular arteries; thickening of tunica intima, narrowing of arterial lumen;

Question 30

Aneurysm

Answer 30

part of arterial wall thins and balloons out; wall more prone to rupture; can cause massive bleeding and death; most common in aorta or arteries at the base of the brain

Question 31

Convey blood from heart to capillaries; more muscular control; Have thicker walls than veins; more elastic and collagen fibers so hold their shape

Answer 31

Arteries

Question 32

exchange substances between blood and tissues; contain only tunica intima; thin wall allows for rapid gas and nutrient exchange

Answer 32

Capillaries

Question 33

transport blood from capillaries to heart; thicker tunica externa and larger lumen; wall collapses if no blood in vessel

Answer 33

Veins

Question 34

Space inside a blood vessel

Answer 34

Lumen

Question 35

innermost layer of vessel wall; endothelium of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 35

Tunica Intima

Question 36

Middle layer of vessel; smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers;

Answer 36

Tunica Media

Question 37

Outermost layer of vessel; areolar CT; helps anchor vessel to other structures;

Answer 37

Tunica Externa

Question 38

Conducting arteries; largest; conduct blood from heart to muscular arteries; aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid, common iliac arteries

Answer 38

Elastic Arteries

Question 39

Distributing arteries to specific body regions; muscle allows vasoconstriction; elastic tissue in 2 layers (internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina); most named arteries (brachial and coronary arteries)

Answer 39

Muscular Arteries

Question 40

smallest arteries; smooth muscle usually somewhat constricted; regulate systemic blood pressure and blood flow

Answer 40

Arterioles

Question 41

wall consists of endothelial layer on basement membrane; thin wall and small diameter are optimal for exchange between blood and tissue fluid

Answer 41

Capillary Characteristics

Question 42

continuous lining of endothelial cells; tight junctions but no complete seal; mostly small molecule and gas exchange; muscle, skin, lungs, CNS

Answer 42

Continuous Capillaries

Question 43

continuous lining but the cells have fenestrations (pores); found in areas with major fluid transport (intestine and kidney)

Answer 43

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 44

Incomplete lining with large gaps; basement membrane is incomplete or absent; transport of large substances and even full blood cells; found in bone marrow, spleen, and some endocrine glands

Answer 44

Sinusoids

Question 45

Groups of capillaries functioning together; fed by metarteriole

Answer 45

Capillary Beds

Question 46

a vessel branch of an arteriole

Answer 46

Metarteriole

Question 47

vessels branching from metarteriole

Answer 47

True Capillaries

Question 48

smooth muscle ring at true capillary origin; relaxation permits blood to flow into capillaries;

Answer 48

Precapillary Sphincter

Question 49

smallest veins; merge to form veins

Answer 49

Venules

Question 50

Small and medium travel with muscular arteries; large veins travel with elastic arteries

Answer 50

Small, medium and large veins

Question 51

one major artery delivers blood to organ or region

Answer 51

Simple Pathway

Question 52

2 or more arteries converge to supply the same region

Answer 52

Arterial Anastomosis

Question 53

2 or more veins converge to drain the same region

Answer 53

Venous Anastomosis

Question 54

Transports blood from artery directly to vein (shunt); allows areas to be bypassed if body is hypothermic

Answer 54

Arteriovenous Anastomosis

Question 55

2 capillary beds in sequence with each other

Answer 55

Portal system

Question 56

formation of new vessels

Answer 56

Angiogenesis

Question 57

Return to previous state of blood vessels

Answer 57

Regression

Question 58

lie next to each other

Answer 58

Companion Vessels

Question 59

progressive disease of elastic and muscular arteries; thickening of tunica intima, narrowing of arterial lumen;

Answer 59

Atherosclerosis

Question 60

part of arterial wall thins and balloons out; wall more prone to rupture; can cause massive bleeding and death; most common in aorta or arteries at the base of the brain

Answer 60

Aneurysm