Chapter 10

Question 1

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Question 2

Functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 2

Body movement; maintenance of posture; protection and support; regulating elimination of materials, heat production

Question 3

Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 3

Excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 4

Fascile

Answer 4

contains many muscle fibers

Question 5

Epimysium

Answer 5

dense irregular connective tissue wrapping whole muscle

Question 6

Perimysium

Answer 6

dense irregular connective tissue wrapping fascicle; houses many blood vessels and nerves

Question 7

Endomysium

Answer 7

Areolar connective tissue wrapping individual fiber; delicate layer for electrical insulation, capillary support, binding of neighboring cells

Question 8

Deep Fascia

Answer 8

Dense irregular CT superficial to epimysium, separates individual muscles; binds muscles with similar functions

Question 9

Superficial fascia

Answer 9

Areolar and adipose CT superficial to deep fascia; separates muscle from skin

Question 10

Myoblasts

Answer 10

Embryonic cell that is precursor to muscle cells

Question 11

Tendon

Answer 11

cordlike structure of dense regular connective tissue

Question 12

Aponeurosis

Answer 12

thin, flattened sheet of dense irregular tissue

Question 13

Motor Unit

Answer 13

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls

Question 14

I band

Answer 14

Contain only thin filaments; bisected by z disc; get smaller when muscle contracts

Question 15

A band

Answer 15

contains thick filaments and overlapping thin filaments; contains H zone and M line; Makes up central region of sarcomere

Question 16

Z disc

Answer 16

Specialized proteins perpendicular to myofilaments; anchors for thin filaments;

Question 17

H Zone

Answer 17

Central portion of A band; only thick filaments present, disappears with maximal muscle contraction

Question 18

M line

Answer 18

Middle of H zone; protein meshwork structure; attachment site for thick filaments

Question 19

Myosin

Answer 19

Protein molecules that make up thick filament

Question 20

Actin

Answer 20

G-actin has myosin binding site where myosin heads attach

Question 21

Tropomyosin and Troponin

Answer 21

Regulatory proteins

Question 22

Neuromuscular Junctions

Answer 22

Location where motor neuron innervates muscle

Question 23

Synaptic Knob

Answer 23

expanded tip of the motor neuron axon; houses synaptic vesicles; Has Ca2+ pumps in plasma membrane and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the membrane

Question 24

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 24

Small sacs filled with neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 25

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 25

Narrow fluid-filled space that separates synaptic knob from motor end plate

Question 26

Motor End Plate

Answer 26

Specialized region of sarcolemma with numerous folds; has many ACh receptors

Question 27

ACh Receptors

Question 28

Acetycholinesterase

Answer 28

enzyme that breaks down ACh molecules; housed in the synaptic cleft

Question 29

Voltage Gated Ca2+ Channels

Answer 29

Allow for conduction of electrical signals

Question 30

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 30

The mechanism of contraction; actin and myosin filaments overlapping, resulting in the shortening of the muscle fiber length.

Question 31

Sarcoplasm

Answer 31

Cytoplasm; Has typical organelles plus contractile proteins and other specializations

Question 32

Sarcolemma

Answer 32

Plasma membrane; has t-tubules that extend deep into the cell; sarcolemma and t-tubules have voltage-gated ion channels and voltage-sensitive calcium chanels

Question 33

T-Tubules

Answer 33

Transverse tubules that extend deep into the cell

Question 34

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 34

Binding and sequestering calcium; contains calcium pumps and calcium release channels;

Question 35

Myofilaments

Answer 35

Contractile proteins within myofibrils

Question 36

Myofibrils

Answer 36

Contractile unit; bundles of myofilaments enclosed in sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

Terminal Cisternae

Answer 37

Adjacent to T-tubules