Chapter 8 Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Axial skeleton includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage; creates framework that supports and protects organs; has spongy bone containing hemopoietic tissue
Appendicular skeleton
bones of upper and lower limbs; includes girdles of bones attaching limbs; pectoral and pelvic girdles
Pectoral Girdle
Articulates with the trunk, supports the upper limbs; consists of the clavicles and scapulae
Clavicle
elongated s-shaped bone that extends between the manubrium and acromion of the scapula; superior surface is smooth, inferior surface has grooves for muscle attachment
Clavicle Acromial End
broad and flattened; articulates with the acromion of the scapula; forms acromioclavicular joint
Clavicle Sternal end
Roughly pyramidal; articulates with the manubrium; forms the sternoclavicular joint
Scapula
Broad, flat, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade; easily palpated on the superolateral back region
Scapula spine
ridge of bone on posterior aspect
Scapula Acromion
large posterior process forming shoulder’s bony tip; continuous with spine
Scapula Coracoid process
smaller, more anterior projection; site for muscle attachment
Glenoid Cavity
cup-shaped, shallow; articulates with humerus
Infraspinous fossa
inferior to the spine; infraspinatus muscle here
Supraspinous fossa
depression superior to the spine; supraspinatus muscle
Subscapular fossa
Broad anterior surface of the scapula, includes the subscapularis muscle
Functions of Arches
help support weight of the body; ensure blood vessels on sole are not pinched when standing; shape maintained primarily by foot bones themselves;
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Highest arch; extends from heel to great toe; prevents medial side of foot from touching the ground
Lateral longitudinal arch
not as high as medial arch; extends between the little toe and the heel
Transverse arch
Runs perpendicular to longitudinal arches
Bone Classification
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
Long Bones
Longer than they are wide, mechanical strength, (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges)
Short Bones
Cube-shaped, multi-directional motion, (carpal bones and tarsal bones)
Flat Bones
Thin and flat; large surfaces for muscle attachment; mechanical protection to soft tissues (cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae)
Irregular Bones
Complicated shapes; provides major mechanical support for the body, vertebra protects the spinal cord (vertebrae, hyoid bone, sphenoid bone, facial bones)
Articulating surfaces
The smooth surfaces where 2 bones meet
Depression
Grooves in the bone
Projections
Where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach
