Chapter 8

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

Axial skeleton includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage; creates framework that supports and protects organs; has spongy bone containing hemopoietic tissue

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

bones of upper and lower limbs; includes girdles of bones attaching limbs; pectoral and pelvic girdles

Question 3

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 3

Articulates with the trunk, supports the upper limbs; consists of the clavicles and scapulae

Question 4

Clavicle

Answer 4

elongated s-shaped bone that extends between the manubrium and acromion of the scapula; superior surface is smooth, inferior surface has grooves for muscle attachment

Question 5

Clavicle Acromial End

Answer 5

broad and flattened; articulates with the acromion of the scapula; forms acromioclavicular joint

Question 6

Clavicle Sternal end

Answer 6

Roughly pyramidal; articulates with the manubrium; forms the sternoclavicular joint

Question 7

Scapula

Answer 7

Broad, flat, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade; easily palpated on the superolateral back region

Question 8

Scapula spine

Answer 8

ridge of bone on posterior aspect

Question 9

Scapula Acromion

Answer 9

large posterior process forming shoulder’s bony tip; continuous with spine

Question 10

Scapula Coracoid process

Answer 10

smaller, more anterior projection; site for muscle attachment

Question 11

Glenoid Cavity

Answer 11

cup-shaped, shallow; articulates with humerus

Question 12

Infraspinous fossa

Answer 12

inferior to the spine; infraspinatus muscle here

Question 13

Supraspinous fossa

Answer 13

depression superior to the spine; supraspinatus muscle

Question 14

Subscapular fossa

Answer 14

Broad anterior surface of the scapula, includes the subscapularis muscle

Question 15

Functions of Arches

Answer 15

help support weight of the body; ensure blood vessels on sole are not pinched when standing; shape maintained primarily by foot bones themselves;

Question 16

Medial Longitudinal Arch

Answer 16

Highest arch; extends from heel to great toe; prevents medial side of foot from touching the ground

Question 17

Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 17

not as high as medial arch; extends between the little toe and the heel

Question 18

Transverse arch

Answer 18

Runs perpendicular to longitudinal arches

Question 19

Bone Classification

Answer 19

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular

Question 20

Long Bones

Answer 20

Longer than they are wide, mechanical strength, (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges)

Question 21

Short Bones

Answer 21

Cube-shaped, multi-directional motion, (carpal bones and tarsal bones)

Question 22

Flat Bones

Answer 22

Thin and flat; large surfaces for muscle attachment; mechanical protection to soft tissues (cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae)

Question 23

Irregular Bones

Answer 23

Complicated shapes; provides major mechanical support for the body, vertebra protects the spinal cord (vertebrae, hyoid bone, sphenoid bone, facial bones)

Question 24

Articulating surfaces

Answer 24

The smooth surfaces where 2 bones meet

Question 25

Depression

Answer 25

Grooves in the bone

Question 26

Projections

Answer 26

Where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach