Chapter 11

Question 1

Origin

Answer 1

Less movable attachment of a muscle; proximal attachment

Question 2

Insertion

Answer 2

More movable attachment of a muscle; Distal attachment

Question 3

Axial Muscles

Answer 3

Origins and insertions of axial skeleton; support and move the head and vertebral column; function in non-verbal communication; aid breathing; support and protect the abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 4

Appendicular Muscles

Answer 4

Control movements of upper and lower limbs; control movements of pectoral and pelvic girdles; organized into groups based on locations

Question 5

Patterns of fascicle arrangement

Answer 5

Circular, parallel, convergent; pennate

Question 6

Primary Actions

Answer 6

Agonist, antagonist, Synergist

Question 7

Agonist

Answer 7

prime mover, muscle that contracts to produce a movement

Question 8

Antagonist

Answer 8

muscle whose contraction opposes that of the agonist

Question 9

Synergist

Answer 9

muscle that assists agonist by contributing tension or stabilizing point of origin

Question 10

Naming criteria for skeletal muscles

Answer 10

Muscle action, Specific body regions, muscle attachments; orientation of muscle fibers; Muscle shape, muscle size, number of muscle heads at an attachment site

Question 11

Pronator Teres and Pronator quadratus

Answer 11

rotate the radius across the ulna to pronate forearm

Question 12

Supinator

Answer 12

supinates forearm

Question 13

Triceps brachii

Answer 13

helps extend and adduct the arm

Question 14

Anconeus

Answer 14

Weak elbow extensor, crosses posterolateral region of elbow

Question 15

Biceps brachii

Answer 15

assists in flexing the arm

Question 16

Brachialis

Answer 16

Most powerful flexor of the forearm; deep to biceps brachii

Question 17

Brachioradialis

Answer 17

located on anterolateral forearm; Synergist in elbow flexion

Question 18

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 18

broad triangular muscle on back; prime arm extensor;

Question 19

Pectoralis Major

Answer 19

Thick fan-shaped muscle on superior, anterior thorax; prime arm flexor

Question 20

Deltoid

Answer 20

Prime abductor of the arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; lateral fibers abduct the arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

Question 21

Croacobrachialis

Answer 21

Flexes and adducts the arm

Question 22

Teres Major

Answer 22

Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

Question 23

Rotator Cuff

Answer 23

includes subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 24

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 24

Extends from sternum and clavicle to mastoid; turns head

Question 25

Scalenes

Answer 25

lateral flexion of neck

Question 26

Splenius capitis and cervicus

Answer 26

When contracted unilaterally turn head to same side

Question 27

Trapezius

Answer 27

primary function is to help move pectoral girdle, but also helps extend neck

Question 28

Levator Scapulae

Answer 28

elevates and inferiorly rotates the scapula

Question 29

Quadriceps Femoris

Answer 29

Composite muscle with four heads; prime mover of knee extension;

Question 30

Satorius

Answer 30

Flexes and laterally and medially rotates the thigh

Question 31

Gracilis

Answer 31

Flexes the leg and adducts the thigh

Question 32

Biceps femoris

Answer 32

Two heads; laterally rotates the leg when leg is flexed

Question 33

Semitendinosus

Answer 33

Medially rotate leg when leg is flexed

Question 34

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 34

bilateral contraction flexes neck, unilateral contraction causes lateral flexion of head to contractive muscle’s side and rotation of head to opposite side

Question 35

Scalenes

Answer 35

Anterior, middle, and posterior, work to flex neck, pull cervical vertebrae toward 1st and 2nd ribs (lateral flexion of neck); elevate 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation

Question 36

Splenius capitis & cervicus

Answer 36

When contracted bilaterally, extend neck; when contracted unilaterally, turn head to same side

Question 37

Trapezius

Answer 37

Can elevate, depress, retract, or rotate scapula

Question 38

Levator scapulae

Answer 38

Elevates and inferiorly rotates the scapula

Question 39

Erector spinae (lateral to medial)

Answer 39

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Question 40

Semispinalis Group (capitis & cervices)

Answer 40

when contracted bilaterally, extend neck, when contracted unilaterally, turn head to same side