Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Origin

A

Less movable attachment of a muscle; proximal attachment

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2
Q

Insertion

A

More movable attachment of a muscle; Distal attachment

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3
Q

Axial Muscles

A

Origins and insertions of axial skeleton; support and move the head and vertebral column; function in non-verbal communication; aid breathing; support and protect the abdominal and pelvic organs

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4
Q

Appendicular Muscles

A

Control movements of upper and lower limbs; control movements of pectoral and pelvic girdles; organized into groups based on locations

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5
Q

Patterns of fascicle arrangement

A

Circular, parallel, convergent; pennate

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6
Q

Primary Actions

A

Agonist, antagonist, Synergist

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7
Q

Agonist

A

prime mover, muscle that contracts to produce a movement

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8
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle whose contraction opposes that of the agonist

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9
Q

Synergist

A

muscle that assists agonist by contributing tension or stabilizing point of origin

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10
Q

Naming criteria for skeletal muscles

A

Muscle action, Specific body regions, muscle attachments; orientation of muscle fibers; Muscle shape, muscle size, number of muscle heads at an attachment site

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11
Q

Pronator Teres and Pronator quadratus

A

rotate the radius across the ulna to pronate forearm

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12
Q

Supinator

A

supinates forearm

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13
Q

Triceps brachii

A

helps extend and adduct the arm

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14
Q

Anconeus

A

Weak elbow extensor, crosses posterolateral region of elbow

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15
Q

Biceps brachii

A

assists in flexing the arm

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16
Q

Brachialis

A

Most powerful flexor of the forearm; deep to biceps brachii

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17
Q

Brachioradialis

A

located on anterolateral forearm; Synergist in elbow flexion

18
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

broad triangular muscle on back; prime arm extensor;

19
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Thick fan-shaped muscle on superior, anterior thorax; prime arm flexor

20
Q

Deltoid

A

Prime abductor of the arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; lateral fibers abduct the arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

21
Q

Croacobrachialis

A

Flexes and adducts the arm

22
Q

Teres Major

A

Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

23
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

includes subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

24
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Extends from sternum and clavicle to mastoid; turns head

25
Scalenes
lateral flexion of neck
26
Splenius capitis and cervicus
When contracted unilaterally turn head to same side
27
Trapezius
primary function is to help move pectoral girdle, but also helps extend neck
28
Levator Scapulae
elevates and inferiorly rotates the scapula
29
Quadriceps Femoris
Composite muscle with four heads; prime mover of knee extension;
30
Satorius
Flexes and laterally and medially rotates the thigh
31
Gracilis
Flexes the leg and adducts the thigh
32
Biceps femoris
Two heads; laterally rotates the leg when leg is flexed
33
Semitendinosus
Medially rotate leg when leg is flexed
34
Sternocleidomastoid
bilateral contraction flexes neck, unilateral contraction causes lateral flexion of head to contractive muscle's side and rotation of head to opposite side
35
Scalenes
Anterior, middle, and posterior, work to flex neck, pull cervical vertebrae toward 1st and 2nd ribs (lateral flexion of neck); elevate 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation
36
Splenius capitis & cervicus
When contracted bilaterally, extend neck; when contracted unilaterally, turn head to same side
37
Trapezius
Can elevate, depress, retract, or rotate scapula
38
Levator scapulae
Elevates and inferiorly rotates the scapula
39
Erector spinae (lateral to medial)
Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
40
Semispinalis Group (capitis & cervices)
when contracted bilaterally, extend neck, when contracted unilaterally, turn head to same side