Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy Definition
The study of structure and form
Physiology
The study of functions of the body parts
Characteristics of Life 6)
Organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, regulation, reproduction
Anatomic Position
The position that anatomists and physiologists use to describe the body for accuracy and clarity. Used as a common point of reference. Head is level, upright stance, eyes forward, upper limbs at the side with palms facing anteriorly, and feet parallel and flat on the floor.
Coronal Plane
A vertical plane that divides anterior and posterior (front and back)
Transverse Plane
A Horizontal Plane that divides superior and inferior (top and bottom)
Midsagittal Plane
A Vertical Plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane that dives into unequal left and right structures.
Oblique Plane
Pass through structures at an angle.
Anterior
In front of; toward the belly
Posterior
In back of; toward the back
Dorsal
At the back side of the human body
Ventral
At the belly side of the human body
Superior
Closer to the Head
Inferior
Closer to the feet
Cranial (Cephalic)
At the head end
Caudal
At the rear or tail end
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Deep
On the inside; internal to another structure
Superficial
On the outside
Proximal
Towards the trunk
Distal
Away from the trunk
Radiography
High energy radiation, X-rays pass through soft tissues and are absorbed by dense tissues (dentistry, mammography, chest examination)
Sonography
Uses high-frequency ultrasound waves; commonly used to monitor fetus; evaluates glands, lumps, joints, and guides needles during biopsy
Computed Tomography
Sophisticated use of x-rays, slices combined to make 3D image, higher exposure to x-rays; used to identify tumors, kidney stones, etc
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Electromagnet-generated field and radiowaves; cause the protons in hydrogen atoms to align; soft tissues are imaged; Radiowaves cause protons to absorb energy; functional MRI can map brain function based on local oxygen concentration differences in blood flow
Position Emission Tomography
Radioactively labeled glucose releasing positrons; positron and electron collide and emit gamma rays to be read by a sensor; metabolic state; (brain scans, cardiac scans, cancer metastases)
Epigastric Region
Above the stomach
Umbilical
Belly-Button
Hypogastric Region
Below the stomach
L/R Hypochondriac Region
Below the Rib Cartilage
L/R Lumbar Region
Mid Back
L/R Iliac Region
Lower Back
Axial Region
Includes head, neck, and trunk; must have for life; forms the main vertical axis of the body
Appendicular region
Composed of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that connect them (scapula and hip bones)
Posterior Aspect
Includes the cranial cavity and vertebral canal (completely encased in bone); Continuous Connected Cavity
Ventral Cavity
Includes the Thoracic Cavity and Abdominopelvic Cavity; Lines with serous membranes (continuous layer of cells) Divided by the diaphragm
Thoracic Cavity
Above the diaphragm
Pleural Cavity
Two-layered serous membrane associated with the lungs; potential space has serous fluid
Mediastinum
Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart
Pericardial Cavity
Potential space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Includes the Abdominal Cavity and the Pelvic Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Contains the Brain; formed by bones of the cranium
Vertebral Canal
Contains the Spinal Chord; formed by the bones of the vertebral column
Abdominal Cavity
Just beneath the diaphragm
Pelvic Cavity
Below the Abdominal Cavity
Parietal Layer
Lines the internal surface of the body wall
Visceral Layer
Covers the external surface of organs
