Chapter 8 The Appendicular skeleton Flashcards
What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?
Body movements. As “appendages” to the central skeleton, these bones include those of the upper and lower limbs
The shoulder girdle involves what?
Clavicle and scapula
What is the clavicle?
S shape bone on the collar
What does the medial (sternal) end of the clavicle articulate with?
Manubrium of the sternum
What does the lateral (acromial) end of the clavicle articulate with?
The acromion of the scapula
What is the scapula?
The flat bone that is located in the superior part of the posterior thorax between the second and seventh rib?
What is the glenoid cavity?
The attachment point for the humerus
What does the humerus articulate with?
- The scapula proximally
- Radius and ulna distally
What are the radius and the ulna?
The two bones of the forearm
How is the elbow formed?
The olecranon and coronoid process at the proximal end of the ulna form the trochlear notch which wraps around the trochlea of the humerus
Which side is the radius located on the arm?
The lateral (thumbside) of the forearm
What allows the forearm to rotate?
The articulation of its head with the capitulum of the humerus and with the ulna
What are the carpal bones?
8 small bones connected to each other by ligaments and are arranged in two rows of four bones each
What is the proximal row of the carpals?
The row that articulates with the distal radius and ulna
What is the distal row of the carpals?
The row that articulates with the metacarpals
How many metacarpals do we have and what do they make up?
We have 5 and they make up the palm and back of the hand
How do we number the metacarpals?
1-5 starting with the thumb
What are the phalanges?
14 in total and are the bones of the digits
How forms the pelvic girdle?
Two hip bones
- Os coxa,
- Coxal bones
The hip bone is made up what?
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
The two bones of the hips articulate with what?
They articulate anteriorly at the pubic bones
What is located between the bones in the pelvic girdle?
a disc of fibrocartilage
What is the acetabulum?
The hip socket joint in the hip for the femur
How is the pelvic girdle divided?
It is divided in the superior and inferior portion by the pelvic brim
What is the false (greater) pelvis?
The area of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim
What is the true (lesser) pelvis?
The are of the boy pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim
What is one way the female and male pelvis is different?
The female pelvis is lighter and structured to meet the requirements of pregnancy and childbirth
What is the femur?
The longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body
What does the femur articulate with?
- The superior portion articulates with the acetabulum
- The distal end articulates with the tibia and patella
What is the patella?
The triangular bone that develops in the quadriceps tendon
What does the lower leg consist of?
Tibia and fibula
What does the tibia articulate with?
- Proximal end articulates with femur
- Distal end articulates with talus bone of the ankle
What is the tibial tuberosity?
The portion of the anterior surface of the tibia which is the point of attachment for the patella ligament
How many bones does the tarsus have?
7 tarsal bones
- talus
- calcaneus
- navicular
- 3 cuneiforms
- cuboid
How many bones is the metatarsus made up?
5 metatarsal bones and just like the carpels it is numbered 1-5 with the big toe being 1
What does the tarsals make up?
The sole and dorsal surface of the foot
What does the tarsals articulate with?
- proximal end articulates with the 3 cuneiform bones and the cuboid
- The distal end articulates with the proximal phalanges
Is there any difference in the phalanges in the foot and hand?
Nope
What are the arches in the foot supported by?
Ligaments and tendons
What is the purpose of the arches?
To allow the foot to support the weight of the body, provide leverage while walking, and distribute the body’s weight over the foot
What are the two arches in the foot?
- Longitudinal arch
- Transverse arch
