Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anph 209 > Chapter 26 the urinary system > Flashcards

Chapter 26 the urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A
  1. Two Kidneys
  2. Two ureters
  3. One bladder
  4. One urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A

Maintain homeostasis by managing the volume and composition of fluid reservoirs, primarily blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s part of blood ionic composition?

A
  1. Na
  2. K
  3. Cl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is involved in the regulation of pH?

A
  1. H
  2. HCO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is involved with the regulation of blood volume?

A

H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of a homeostatic kidney?

A
  1. Maintenance of blood osmolarity
  2. Production of hormones
  3. Excretion of metabolic wastes and foreign substances
  4. Regulation of blood glucose levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the external layers of the kidney? (superficial to deep)

A
  1. renal fascia
  2. adipose capsule
  3. Renal capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Outer layer of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

Inner region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Although kidneys constitute less then 0.5% of total body mass they receive how much cardiac output?

A

20-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal nerves primary carry what kind of flow?

A

sympathetic outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the nerve supply do inside the kidney?

A

Regulate blood flow through the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different types of blood vessels in the kidney?

A
  1. Renal artery and renal vein
  2. Afferent arteriole- glomerulus capsule- efferent arteriole
  3. peritubular capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

A mass of capillaries that is fed by the afferent arteriole and drains into the efferent arteriole and is surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the bowman’s capsule?

A

Double walled structure which wraps around the capillaries and
1. filtrate is collected between the visceral and parietal layers
2. Contains fluid rich in solutes, free of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two parts of the renal corpuscle?

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Bowman’s capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the renal tubule?

A

Site of reabsorption and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three sections of the renal tubule?

A
  1. proximal convoluted tubule
  2. Loop of henle/ nephron loop
  3. Distal convoluted tubule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the sections of the loop of henle/ nephron loop?

A

Two parts
1. Cortical nephron
2. Justamedullary nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the cortical nephron?

A
  1. renal corpuscle in outer portion of cortex
  2. Short loops of Henle extend only into outer region of medulla
  3. Receives blood from peritubular capillaries arising from the glomerulus arterioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The cortical nephrons make up how much of the nephrons?

A

80-85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the juxtamedullary nephron?

A
  1. Renal corpuscle deep in cortex with long nephron loops
  2. Receive blood from peritubular capillaries and vasa recta arising form the efferent glomerulus arterioles
  3. Ascending limb has thick and thin regions
23
Q

What is the basic process involved in urine formation?

A

Glomerular filtration + secretion - reabsorption

24
Q

What are the steps for urine formation?

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
25
Q

What is glomerular filtration?

A
  1. Driven by blood pressure
  2. Water and small molecules such as sodium and potassium, move out of the glomerulus
  3. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
26
Q

What is glomerular hydrostatic pressure?

A

Opposed by capsular hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure

27
Q

What is glomerular filtration rate?

A

Amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys each minute

28
Q

Homeostasis requires kidneys to maintain what?

A

A relatively constant Glomerular filtration rate

29
Q

What happens if the GFR is too high?

A

Substances pass to quickly and are not reabsorbed

30
Q

What happens if GFR is too low?

A

Nearly all reabsorbed and some waste products not adequately excreted

31
Q

What happens in tubular reabsorption and secretion?

A

much of the filtrate is reabsorbed, especially
1. water
2. glucose
3. Amino acids
4. Ions into the blood

32
Q

What must we keep in mind in terms of tubular reabsorption and secretion?

A
  1. location
  2. Ratios of reabsorption
33
Q

What does secretions assist with?

A
  1. managing pH levels
  2. Riding the body of toxic and foreign substances
34
Q

What are enzymes, hormones of the kidney’s

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone
  2. Aldosterone
  3. Atrial natriuretic factor
  4. Renin
  5. Erythropoietin
35
Q

What does Antidiuretic hormone do?

A

Increase facultative reabsorption of water, which decreases osmolarity of blood fluid

36
Q

What does Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP) do?

A
  1. Increases excretion of Na in urine
  2. Increases urine output and thus decreases blood volume and blood pressure
37
Q

What does Angiotensin do?

A

Increases reabsorption of Na and water, which increases blood volume and pressure

38
Q

What does Aldosterone do?

A

Increases secretion of K and reabsorption of Na; increases reabsorption of water, which increases blood volume and blood pressure

39
Q

What must we keep in mind in terms of urine production?

A
  1. Fluid intake is highly variable
  2. Homeostasis requires maintenance of fluid volumes within specific limits
  3. Urine concentration varies with ADH
40
Q

What does high intake of fluid results in?

A

dilute urine of high volume

41
Q

What does low intake of fluids results in?

A

concentrated urine of low volume

42
Q

Routine urinalysis does what?

A

evaluates the presence of abnormalities in urine

43
Q

What are some things to look for in urine?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Glucose
  3. Red Blood cells
  4. Ketone bodies
  5. Microbes
44
Q

Each ureter transports urine from a renal pelvis by what?

A
  1. Peristaltic waves
  2. Hydrostatic pressure
  3. gravity
45
Q

Is there a valve at the opening of the bladder?

A

no

46
Q

What happens when the bladder fills?

A

it compresses the opening and prevents backflow

47
Q

How much fluid can the average bladder carry?

A

700-800 ml

48
Q

What does the kidney do?

A
  1. Regulate blood volume and composition
  2. Help regulate blood pressure
  3. Synthesize glucose
  4. Release erythropoietin
  5. participate in Vitamin D synthesis
  6. excrete wastes in urine
49
Q

What does the ureters do?

A

Transports tubes that move urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

50
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

Storage organ that temporarily stores urine until convenient to discharge from body

51
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Drainage tube that transports stored urine from body

52
Q

What is micturition?

A

Discharge of urine

53
Q

What is the trigger for micturition?

A
  1. stretch receptors trigger a spinal reflex
  2. urethra carries urine from internal urethra to exterior of body
  3. Males have a mix of semen in urine as well

anph 209 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions