Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANPH 209 > Chapter 3 Cellular level of organization > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Cellular level of organization Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

Forms the cells outer boundary, and separates the cell’s internal environment form the outside environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What role does the plasma membrane play?

A

selective barrier which plays a vital role in cellular communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

All the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cytosol?

A

The fluid portion of a cell, mostly, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are organelles?

A

Subcellular structures having characteristic shapes and specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Large organelle that contains DNA , each of which consists of a single molecule of DNA and associated proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A chromosome contains thousands of hereditary units called what?

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

The arrangement of molecules within the membrane resembles a sea of lipids containing many types of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What acts as barrier to certain substance in a plasma membrane?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Proteins act as what to certain molecules and ions

A

Gatekeepers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the lipid bilayer made up of?

A

1.Phospholipids
2. cholesterol
3. Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are integral proteins?

A

Extend into or through the lipid layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are transmembrane proteins?

A

Most integral proteins, span the entire lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are peripheral proteins?

A

Attached to the inner or outer surface of the membrane, do not extend through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the cell membrane permeable?

A

It is depending on the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the lipid bilayer permeable to?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. water
  4. Steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the glucose bilayer not permeable to?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the transmembrane proteins do?

A

Act as channels and transporters to assist the entrance of certain substances. For example, glucose and ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cytoskeleton of a cell?

A

Network of protein filaments throughout the cytosol, which provides structural support for the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are different types of cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate filaments
  3. Microtubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the centrosome?

A

located near the nucleus, consists of two centrioles and pericentriolar material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are cilia?

A

Short hair like projections from the cell surface, move fluids along a cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are flagella?

A

Longer than cilia, move an entire cell; an example is the sperm cells tail

24
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Sites of protein synthesis

25
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Network of membranes in the shape of flattened sacs or tubules

26
Q

What is a rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Connected to the nuclear envelope, and series of flattened sacs, surface is studded with ribosomes, produces various proteins

27
Q

What are smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network or membrane tubules, does not have ribosomes, synthesizes fatty acids and steroids, detoxifies certain drugs

28
Q

What is the Golgi complex?

A

Consists of 3-20 flattened, membranous sacs called cisternae. which modify, sort, and package proteins for transport to different destinations. The proteins are transported by various vesicles

29
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Vesicles that form from the Golgi complex, contain powerful digestive enzymes

30
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Powerhouse of the cell, they generate ATP

31
Q

Where are mitochondria more prevalent?

A

Physiologically active cells like
1. muscles
2. liver
3. kidneys

32
Q

What are cristae?

A

Series of folds of the inner membrane?

33
Q

What are matrix?

A

Large central fluid filled cavities

34
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

A double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

35
Q

What are nuclear pores?

A

Numerous openings in the nuclear envelope, control movement of substance between nucleus and cytoplasm

36
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

Spherical body that produces ribosomes

37
Q

What are genes?

A

The cells hereditary units, controls activities and structures of the cell

38
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Long molecules of DNA combined with protein molecules

39
Q

What is passive processes?

A

Substances move across cell membranes without the input of any energy; use the kinetic energy of individual molecules of ions

40
Q

What are active processes?

A

When cells uses energy, primarily from the breakdown of ATP, to move a substance across the membrane. IE against a concentration gradient

41
Q

What are the four type of passive transport?

A
  1. simple diffusion
  2. Facilitated diffusion
  3. Osmosis
  4. filtration
42
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water (lower concertation of solutes) to one of lower concentration of water.

43
Q

What are two ways to get through the plasma membrane?

A
  1. Through lipid bilayer by simple diffusion
  2. Through aquaporins, integral membrane proteins
44
Q

What is tonicity?

A

A measure of the solutions ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content

45
Q

What is hyportonic?

A

A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the cytosol inside the cell

46
Q

What is Hypertonic?

A

A solution has a higher concentration of solutes than does the cytosol inside the cell

47
Q

What is filtration?

A

Movement of water and dissolved substance from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

48
Q

What is an example of filtration in the body?

A

capillary beds in the kidneys moving small ions from blood stream and leaving larger protein molecules in bloodstream.

49
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of molecules across a membrane from area of low concentration to area of high concentration

50
Q

What does active transport require?

A

ATP

51
Q

What are three types of active transport?

A
  1. Active transport pumps
  2. Endocytosis
  3. exocytosis
52
Q

What is an example of active transport pumps?

A

Sodium potassium pumps

53
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A small spherical sac formed by budding off from a membrane

54
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

When materials move into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane

55
Q

What are three types of endocytosis?

A
  1. receptor mediated endocytosis
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. Bulk phase endocytosis
56
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents into the extracellular fluid

ANPH 209 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions