Chapter 7 Skeleton and Joints Flashcards
What is the Axial Skeleton?
Consists of the Cranium, Thorax, and Vertebra. 80 bones
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Consists of 126 bones and
1. Shoulder girdle
2. Pelvic girdle
3. Legs
4. Arms
5. Feet
6. Hands
What are the five types of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
What are sutural bones?
Small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones
What are sutures?
The jointed areas where flat bones come together
How many bones are in the skull?
22 bones, not including the 2 middle ear bones
What are associated with the bones in the skull?
- Number of processes
- Ridges
- Lines
- Depressions
- Foramina
What is the hyoid bone?
Supports the tongue and provides an attachment site for some muscles of the neck and the pharynx. It also does not articulate with any other bone
What is the vertebral column?
The spinal column and is composed of 26 vertebrae, divided into 5 regions
What are the intervertebral discs?
Located between the bodies of the vertebrae from the second cervical to the sacrum, and absorbs shock and separate the vertebrae from one another.
What is the intervertebral discs composed of?
Outer ring of fibrocartilage and inner, soft nucleus with a layer of hyaline cartilage on the top and bottom of each disc
How can you identify the difference of each region of the vertebral column?
Each region has unique structures
What is the thoracic vertebrae?
Supports the ribs and has special structures for rib head and tubercle attachment
What is the lumbar vertebrae?
The largest and strongest vertebrae which does not have special structures that are specifically associated
What is the sacrum?
Triangular shaped and is part of the pelvic girdle and is composed of 5 vertebrae that fuse
What is the coccyx?
The part under the sacrum which is triangular in shape is composed of 4 vertebrae that fuse
What is the thorax?
The bones that compose of the thoracic cage which are the sternum, ribs, and costal cartilages
The sternum is composed of what three pieces?
- The upper manubrium
- The middle body
- Xiphoid process
What does the Sternum articulate with?
The clavicles and the costal cartilages
How many pairs of ribs do we have?
12 pairs
What do the ribs do?
Provide structural support to the thoracic cavity
What are the true ribs?
The first 7 pairs; their cartilage is directly connected to the sternum
What is the false (vertebronchondral) ribs?
The 5 pairs under the first 7; cartilage is indirectly connected to the sternum
What are the floating (vertebral) ribs?
Last 2 pairs; these are not connected to the sternum
