Chapter 7 Skeleton and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton?

A

Consists of the Cranium, Thorax, and Vertebra. 80 bones

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2
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

Consists of 126 bones and
1. Shoulder girdle
2. Pelvic girdle
3. Legs
4. Arms
5. Feet
6. Hands

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3
Q

What are the five types of bones?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
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4
Q

What are sutural bones?

A

Small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones

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5
Q

What are sutures?

A

The jointed areas where flat bones come together

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6
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

22 bones, not including the 2 middle ear bones

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7
Q

What are associated with the bones in the skull?

A
  1. Number of processes
  2. Ridges
  3. Lines
  4. Depressions
  5. Foramina
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8
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A

Supports the tongue and provides an attachment site for some muscles of the neck and the pharynx. It also does not articulate with any other bone

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9
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

The spinal column and is composed of 26 vertebrae, divided into 5 regions

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10
Q

What are the intervertebral discs?

A

Located between the bodies of the vertebrae from the second cervical to the sacrum, and absorbs shock and separate the vertebrae from one another.

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11
Q

What is the intervertebral discs composed of?

A

Outer ring of fibrocartilage and inner, soft nucleus with a layer of hyaline cartilage on the top and bottom of each disc

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12
Q

How can you identify the difference of each region of the vertebral column?

A

Each region has unique structures

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13
Q

What is the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Supports the ribs and has special structures for rib head and tubercle attachment

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14
Q

What is the lumbar vertebrae?

A

The largest and strongest vertebrae which does not have special structures that are specifically associated

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15
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

Triangular shaped and is part of the pelvic girdle and is composed of 5 vertebrae that fuse

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16
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

The part under the sacrum which is triangular in shape is composed of 4 vertebrae that fuse

17
Q

What is the thorax?

A

The bones that compose of the thoracic cage which are the sternum, ribs, and costal cartilages

18
Q

The sternum is composed of what three pieces?

A
  1. The upper manubrium
  2. The middle body
  3. Xiphoid process
19
Q

What does the Sternum articulate with?

A

The clavicles and the costal cartilages

20
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

A

12 pairs

21
Q

What do the ribs do?

A

Provide structural support to the thoracic cavity

22
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

The first 7 pairs; their cartilage is directly connected to the sternum

23
Q

What is the false (vertebronchondral) ribs?

A

The 5 pairs under the first 7; cartilage is indirectly connected to the sternum

24
Q

What are the floating (vertebral) ribs?

A

Last 2 pairs; these are not connected to the sternum