Chapter 6 Functions of Bone and Skeletal system Flashcards
What are bones?
Organ made up of several different tissues
What do you call the entire framework of bones and their?
Skeletal system
What does the skeletal system do?
- Provides support
- Protects the internal organs
- Assists body movements
- Mineral homeostasis
- Participates in blood cell production
- Stores triglycerides in adipose cells
All bones can be classified into what five shapes?
- Long
- Short
- Sesamoid
- Flat
- Irregular
What is a long bone consist of?
- Diaphysis (bone shaft)
- Two epiphyses (ends of the bone for joints)
- Medullary Cavity (hollow space within diaphysis)
- Endosteum (membrane lining the medullary cavity)
- Periosteum (connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis)
- Articular cartilage covering both epiphyses
Bone contains an abundant of _____that surrounds widely separated cells?
Extracellular matrix
The extracellular matrix of the bone consist of what?
- 15% water
- 30% collagen
- 55% crystalized mineral salts, calcium and phosphorus
Bones contain 4 types of cells, what are three of them?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
What is a compact bone?
Bones that are good at providing protection and support; strongest
What is a spongy bone?
Lightweight and provides tissue support; also called trabecular or cancellous bones
What are periosteal arteries?
Enter the diaphysis through Volkmann’s canals. They are accompanied by periosteal veins
Where does the nutrient artery enter?
center of the diaphysis through a nutrient foramen. Nutrient vein exit via the same canal
Do the metaphysis and epiphyses have their own arteries and veins?
Yes
What is ossification?
The process of bone formation
What four situations do bones form from?
- during embryological and fetal development
- When bones before adulthood
- When bones remodel
- When fractures heal
Where does intramembranous ossification occur?
In flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone
When does endochondral ossification occur?
- When cartilage is replaced with bone in the developing embryo and fetus.
- epiphyseal plates of long bones as they grow in length
What is Wolff’s Law?
Bones thicken thanks to the cooperative action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What is the relationship between osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
Osteoblasts deposit bone on the outers surface and osteoclasts widen the medullary cavity from within
What are three factors that affect bone growth and remodeling?
- minerals
- vitamins
- hormones
What are different types of fractures?
- Complete
- Incomplete
- Open/ compound
- Closed/ simple
- Transverse
- Comminuted
- Oblique
The healing process for fractures consists of three different phases in four steps. What are they?
- The reactive phase
- The reparative phase (this has the fibrocartilaginous callus and the bony callus stage)
- The bond remodeling phase
What is the reactive phase?
The first phase of fracture repair and it is the early inflammatory phase
What is the reparative phase?
Second stage which includes the formation of fibrocartilaginous callus then the formation of bony callus second
What are two factors that affect bone growth
- Exercise
- Aging
