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Bio 189 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Amphipathic

A

Has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

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2
Q

The membrane is held together by mainly ———- interactions?

A

Hydrophobic. Which are weaker than covalent bonds

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3
Q

What is a fluidity buffer in animal cells?

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

Integral proteins

A

Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of lipid bilayer

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5
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

Span the membrane

Type of Integral protein

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6
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Not embedded into the lipids bilayer at all but loosely bound to surface of membrane

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7
Q

What are some functions of membrane proteins?

A 
Transport
Enzymatic activity
Signal transduction
Cell-cell recognition
Intercellular joining
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extra cellular matrix
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8
Q

What is cell-cell recognition?

A

Cells ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another

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9
Q

Glycolipids

A

Carbs covalently bonded to lipids

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10
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Carbs covalently bonded to proteins

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11
Q

Selective permeability

A

Allows some substances to cross more easily than others

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12
Q

Transport proteins

A

Function by having a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use as a tunnel through the membrane

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13
Q

Aquaporins

A

Channel proteins

Consists of 4 identical polypeptide subunits, each polypeptide forms a channel that water molecules pass through single file. Altering entry of up to 3 billion water molecules per second

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14
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Hold on to their passengers and change shape in a way that shuttles them across membrane

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15
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particles of any substance so that they spread out into the available space

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16
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The region along with the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases.

17
Q

What is a simple file of diffusion?

A

In the absence of any other forces a substance will diffuse from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated

18
Q

Passive transport

A

The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane.

Requires no energy

19
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane weather artificial or cellular

20
Q

Tonicity

A

The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

21
Q

Hypertonic

A

“More” non penetrating solutes

Causes cell to lose water, shrivel and die

22
Q

Hypotonic

A

“Less” non penetrating solutes messing more water the bell can swell and burst

23
Q

Osmoregulation

A

The control of solute concentration and water balance

24
Q

Isotonic

A

“Same” Water diffuses across the membrane at the same rate in both directions

25
Q

Turgid

A

Very firm. Healthy state for most plant cells

26
Q

Flaccid

A

Limp

Planets wilt

27
Q

Plasmolysis

A

As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall at multiple places

This causes a plant to wilt and can lead to plant death

28
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Transport proteins that span the membrane and helpful or molecules and ions diffuse passively

29
Q

Ion channels

A

Channel proteins that transport ions

30
Q

Gated channels

A

Many ion channels function as gated channels which open or close in response to stimulus

31
Q

Active transport

A

The cell expands energy to pump a solute across a membrane against its gradient

All done by carrier proteins

32
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

Exchanges Na + for K+ across the membrane of animal cells

33
Q

Membrane potential

A

The voltage across a membrane

34
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

Combination of chemical force and electrical force acting on an ion

35
Q

Electrogenic pump

A

A transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane

36
Q

Proton pump

A

The main electrogenic pump of plants fungi and bacteria

Actively transports protons (H+) out of cell

37
Q

Cotransport

A

A transport protein can couple the downhill diffusion of the solute to the uphill transport if a second substance against its own concentration gradient

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

The cell secretes certain molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

39
Q

Endocytosis

A

The cell takes in molecules and particular matter by forming new vesicles from plasma membrane

Bio 189 (22 decks)

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