Chapter 17 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the link between genotype and phenotype?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is gene expression?

A

The process by which dna directs the synthesis of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transcription

A

The synthesis of RNA using information in DNA Occurs in the nucleus in Eukyartic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Translation

A

the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA occurs in cytoplasm for Eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the ribosomes role in translation?

A

Site of translation, linking amino acids to polypeptide chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary transcript

A

RNA that is not translated into a protien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Triplet code

A

The genetic instructions for polypeptide chain are written in the DNA as a series of non over lapping 2 nucleotide words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Codons

A

mRNA nucleotide triplets … complementray to the template strand (opposite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the base pairing rules for DNA to RNA?

A

U pairs with A and C pairs with G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coding strand

A

the nontemplate DNA strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reading frame

A

Correct groupings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What direction is the mRNA read?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RNA polymerase

A

pries the 2 strands of DNA apart and joins together RNA nucloetides complementary to the DNA template strand Can start a chain from scratch only add in 5’-3’ direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Promoter

A

Where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transcript unit

A

the stretch of DNA downstream from the promoter that is transcribed into an RNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 stages of transcription?

A

initiation, elongation adn termination

17
Q

Starting point

A

the necleotide where RNA polymerase actually begins synthesizing mRNA

18
Q

Transcription factors

A

a collection of protiens that help guide the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription

19
Q

Transcription initiation complex

A

the whole complex of transcription factors and RNA polymerase 11 bound to the promotor

20
Q

How does the transcription terminate in bacteria?

A

through a terminator sequence in the DNA. .The transcribed terminator (an RNA sequence) functions as the temrination signal causing the polmerase to detach from DNA and release the transcript

21
Q

How does the transcription terminate in eukaryotes?

A

RNA polmerase 11 transcribes a sequence on the DNA called the polyadenylation signal sequence, which specifies a polydenylation signal int eh pre-mRNA, The protiens cut the RNA transcript free from the polymerase releasing the mRNA

22
Q

RNA processing

A

both ends of the primary transcript are altered.

23
Q

5’ cap

A

a modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the 5’ end after transcription of the first 20-40 nucleotides have been transcribed

24
Q

poly-A tail

A

at the 3’ end an enzyme adds 50-250 more adenine nucleotides

25
Q

RNA splicing

A

large portions of RNA primary transcript molecules are removed and the remaining portions are reconnected

26
Q

Introns

A

the non coding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding regions

27
Q

Exons

A

non introns regions that are usually expressed being translated into amino acid sequences

28
Q

Spliceosome

A

a large complex made of protiens and small RNAs Removes introns and joins together exons

29
Q

What is the purpose of the modifications 5’ cap and poly-A tail?

A
  1. Aid in export of mRNA 2. protect from degradation 3. helps ribosomes attach during translation
30
Q

Where does translation happen in eukaryotic cells?

A

In cytoplasm

31
Q

Where does transcription happen in eukaryotic cells?

A

In nucleus

32
Q

Which codon has a code as a start signal?

A

AUG (MET or M)

33
Q

Which codons have a code to stop or terminate?

A

UAA UAG UGA

34
Q

Which direction does the RNA polymerase move in elongation?

A

Downstream

35
Q

What is the initiation of transcription process for Eukaryoitc cells?

A
  1. Promotor includes a TATA about 25 nucleotides upstream from starting point 2. Several transcription facots recognize TATA box and bind to DNA 3. RNA polymerase and addtional transcription factors bind to DNA forming a transcription initation complex 4. RNA polymerase 11 unwinds the DNA and begins synthesizing RAN