Ch 8 study guide Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

*Give cellular examples of potential and kinetic energy

A

POTENTIAL = Chemical energy & free energy

*potential energy stored in the bonds connecting atoms in molecules

*A raised weight., Water that is behind a dam, A car that is parked at the top of a hill

KINETIC = Heat & Light

*A speeding bullet, a walking person, and the rapid movement of molecules in the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define and understand the 2 laws of thermodynamics

A

The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpiler compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anabolic pathway

A

Consume energy to build complicated molecules from simplier ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synthesis pathway

A

Anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

breakdown pathway

A

Catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

kinetic energy

A

Energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

potential energy

A

The energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

A

Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it In exergonic reaction the free energy of the products is lower than that of the reactants; meanwhile in endergonic the free energy of the products is higher than that of the reactants. … Most chemical reactions are reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the free energy of reactants vs products

A

The standard free energy change (∆Gº’) of a chemical reaction is the amount of energy released in the conversion of reactants to products under standard conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of cellular reactions require energy to take place?

A

Metabolism is all the chemical reaction that take place in a living organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the potential energy stored in an ATP molecule?

A

Energy is stored in the covalent bonds between phosphates, with the greatest amount of energy (approximately 7 kcal/mole) in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is an investment of activation energy necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction?

A

Molecules are stable. In order to be reactive, they must be unstable. Therefore, energy must be added to molecule in order for them to reach the transition state where their bonds can be broken.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effect do enzymes have on activation energy and free energy wtihin a reaction?

A

enzymes lower the activation energy for chemical reactions. Enzymes decrease the Gibbs free energy of activation, but they have no effect on the free energy of reaction. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy ( Ea or ΔG✳ ) for a reaction. This increases the reaction rate. The free energy of the product is the same as it would be without the enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does it mean “Enzymes are highly specific?”

A

Enzymes are highly selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction. ..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the nonspecific factors that affect enzyme activity?

A

Temperature PH Enzyme concentration Substrate concentration

17
Q

Describe how enzymes and substrates interact?

A

The enzyme ‘s active site binds to the substrate. … When an enzyme binds its substrate it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. Enzymes promote chemical reactions by bringing substrates together in an optimal orientation, thus creating an ideal chemical environment for the reaction to occur.

18
Q

What is the difference between competitive and non competitive inhibition?

A

The competitive inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding there. The noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme; it doesn’t block substrate binding, but it causes other changes in the enzyme so that it can no longer catalyze the reaction efficiently.

19
Q

How can allosteric regualtion activate and inhibit enzymes?

A

The allosteric inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site. The shape of the active site is altered so that the enzyme can no longer bind to its substrate

20
Q
A