Chapter 4 Flashcards
How many bonds can carbon form?
Up to 4
Organic chemistry
The study of compounds containing carbon
What are carbons most frequent bonding partners
Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Valence
Number of covalent bonds it can form
Hydrocarbon
Consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
What are the 4 ways that carbon skeletons can vary?
Length, branching, double bond, rings
Isomers
Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties
Structural isomers
Differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms
May also differ in location of double bonds
linear and branch
Cis-trans isomers
Covalent bonds to the same atoms but differ in spatial arrangements due to inflexibility of double bond
CIS = Same side TRANS = Across from each other
Enantiomers
Isomers that are mirror images of each other and differ in shape
Functional groups
Components of Organic Molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
hooking these to carbon back bone to do the work
What are the 7 chemical groups most important in biological processes
Hydroxyl Carbonyl Carboxyl Amino Sulfhydryl Phosphate Methyl *not reactive *hydrophobic
- first 6 are chemically reactive
- connected to carbon backbone
How is the hydroxyl group written?
(-OH) Oxygen and Hydrogen, POLAR
How is the carbonyl group written?
(>c=0) Carbon with an Oxygen, POLAR
How is the Carboxyl group written?
(-COOH) Hydroxyl + Carboxyl group combined. POLAR