Chapter 4

Question 1

How many bonds can carbon form?

Answer 1

Up to 4

Question 2

Organic chemistry

Answer 2

The study of compounds containing carbon

Question 3

What are carbons most frequent bonding partners

Answer 3

Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 4

Valence

Answer 4

Number of covalent bonds it can form

Question 5

Hydrocarbon

Answer 5

Consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 6

What are the 4 ways that carbon skeletons can vary?

Answer 6

Length, branching, double bond, rings

Question 7

Isomers

Answer 7

Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties

Question 8

Structural isomers

Answer 8

Differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms

May also differ in location of double bonds

linear and branch

Question 9

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 9

Covalent bonds to the same atoms but differ in spatial arrangements due to inflexibility of double bond

CIS = Same side TRANS = Across from each other

Question 10

Enantiomers

Answer 10

Isomers that are mirror images of each other and differ in shape

Question 11

Functional groups

Answer 11

Components of Organic Molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

hooking these to carbon back bone to do the work

Question 12

What are the 7 chemical groups most important in biological processes

Answer 12

Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl 
Amino
Sulfhydryl 
Phosphate
Methyl *not reactive *hydrophobic 

• first 6 are chemically reactive
• connected to carbon backbone

Question 13

How is the hydroxyl group written?

Answer 13

(-OH) Oxygen and Hydrogen, POLAR

Question 14

How is the carbonyl group written?

Answer 14

(>c=0) Carbon with an Oxygen, POLAR

Question 15

How is the Carboxyl group written?

Answer 15

(-COOH) Hydroxyl + Carboxyl group combined. POLAR

Question 16

How is the Amino group written?

Answer 16

(-NH2) Nitrogen and Hydrogen POLAR.

Question 17

How is the Sulfhrdyl group written?

Answer 17

(-SH) Sulfure + Hydrogen. POLAR

Question 18

How is the Phosphate group written?

Answer 18

(-OPO3^2-) Phosphurous. POLAR

Question 19

How is the Methyl group written?

Answer 19

(-CH3) Carbon bonded to 3 hydrogens. NON POLAR. Hyrdopobhic

Question 20

What chemical group is “alcohol” apart of?

Answer 20

Hydroxyl group

Question 21

What chemical group is Ketone and Aldehyde apart of ?

Answer 21

Carbonyl group

Question 22

What chemical group is Carboxylic acid and organic acid apart of?

Answer 22

Carboxl group

Question 23

What group is Amine apart of?

Answer 23

Amino group

Question 24

What group is Thiol apart of?

Answer 24

Sulfhydryl group

Question 25

What group is organic phosphate apart of?

Answer 25

Phosphate group

Question 26

What group is Methylated compound apart of?

Answer 26

Methyl group

Question 27

Saturated

Answer 27

no double bond in carbon back bone cant hold anything else.

Question 28

unsaturated

Answer 28

double bond in carbon back bone c=c carbon to carbon double bond

Question 29

polyunsaturated

Answer 29

more than one double bond in the carbon chain