Chapter 5 Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Gene
Unique unit of inheritance That programs the amino acid sequence in a poly peptide
Genes consist on DNA which belongs to a class of compounds called
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids
Polymers made of monomers called nucleotides
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the function of DNA and RNA?
Enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one generation to the next
What is gene expression
DNA directs RNA synthesis and through RNA controls protein synthesis
What is the flow of genetic information?
DNA-> RNA-> Protein
Ribosomes
Sites of protein synthesis
Where does DNA reside?
In the nucleus
Nucleic acids are macromolecules that exists as polymers called
Polynucleotides
Each polynucleotide consists of monomers called
Nucleotides
A nucleotide consists of what three parts?
5 carbon sugar (a pentose)
A nitrogen containing base
And 1-3 phosphate groups
Nucleoside
Portion of nucleotide without any phosphate groups
What are the 2 families of nitrogenous bases
Pyrimidines and purines
Pyrimidine
Nitrogenous base. 6 members ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
Purines
Nitrogenous base. Larger with 6 members ring fused to a 5 member ring
What are the 3 members of the pyrimidine family
Members are:
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
What are the 2 members of the purine family?
Adenine
Guanine
What 3 nitrogenous bases are going in both DNA and RNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
What nitrogenous base is found ONLY in DNA?
Thymine
What nitrogenous base is found ONLY in RNA?
Uracil
In DNA what is the sugar attached to nitrogenous base?
Deoxyribose
In RNA what is the sugar attached to nitrogenous base?
Ribose
What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
Deoxyribose lacks an oxygen atom on second carbon in the ring
