Ch 8.3 - 8.5

Question 1

What are the 3 kinds of work a cell does?

Answer 1

Chemical
Transport
Mechanical

Question 2

Energy coupling

Answer 2

The use of an exergonic process to drive an end endergonic one

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

Contains sugar ribose, nitrogen base adenine and a chain of 3 phosphate groups.

Energy coupling
One of the nucleoside triphosphates used to make RNA

Question 4

How does ATP turn to ADP?

Answer 4

By hydrolysis (addition of water molecule) breaking off a phosphate

Question 5

Phosphorlated intermediate

Answer 5

Transfer of a phosphate group from ATP . This is the recipient group

Question 6

Activation energy

Answer 6

The energy required to contort the reactant molecules so the bonds can break

The amount of energy needed to push reactants to top of energy barrier “up hill”

Question 7

How is activation energy normally supplied?

Answer 7

By heat in the form of thermal energy

Question 8

Catalysis

Answer 8

The process by which catalysis selectively speed up a reaction without being consumed

Question 9

Substrate

Answer 9

A molecule acted upon by an enzyme

Question 10

Enzyme substrate complex

Answer 10

Enzyme binds to its substrate or substrates

Question 11

Active site

Answer 11

Restricted region of enzyme molecule that binds to substrate.

Typically a pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where catalyst occurs

Question 12

Induced fit

Answer 12

Tightening of binding after initial contact

Question 13

Cofactors

Answer 13

Non protein helpers. Binds tightly to the enzyme as permanent residents or may bind loosely and reversibly along with substrate

Question 14

Coenzyme

Answer 14

Organic cofactor

Question 15

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 15

Mimic enzymes. Block substrate from entering active sites

Question 16

Non competitive inhibitors

Answer 16

Do not directly compete with the substrate to bind to the enzyme at active site but instead they impede enzymatic reactive by binding to another part of enzyme

Question 17

Allosteric regulation

Answer 17

Any case in which a proteins function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site

Question 18

Feedback inhibition

Answer 18

More of metabolic control

A metabolic pathway is halted by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway