chapter 6 part 1 Flashcards
what is the one variation of every amino acid?
the side chain
what is an essential amino acid?
it has to be consumed
what is a conditionally essential acid?
it is essential under certain cirumstances
what protein synthesis error is sickle cells anemia?
hemoglobin had valene in the place where glutamic acid should be
why would you be fatigued if you had sickle cell anemia?
your red blood cells can’t carry enough oxygen, and the shape of the red blood cells gets stuck in the capillaries
what happens with PKU?
phenylalaine is not able to be made into tyrosine
why are you at risk for brain damage and low IQ if you have PKU?
since excess phenylalaine in toxic
what is denaturing a protein?
unfolding it
what can denature a protein?
heat and acid
what chemical in the stomach denatures the protein you eat?
HCL
how does denaturing the protein help prepare it for digestion?
it creates more surface area
what does HCL do in the stomach?
`it activates pepsin and denatures protein
what enzyme in the stomach and small intestine digests protein?
stomach: pepsin
small intestine: proteiases
where are amino acids absorbed into?
the blood
when your body needs amino acids, where does it get them?
- diet
- breakdown of body proteins (normal turnover)
- stored as fat
what is wasting an amino acid?
breaking proteins apart into amino acid
what is digesting a protein?
breaking amine (nitrogen group) from an amino acid
why are amino acids wasted?
so amino acids can be used for something else
if the amine (nitrogen) group is broken off, what can an amino acid be used for?
- burned for energy
- stored as fat
when carbs/calories are inadequate, amino acids are changed to what and burned for energy?
glucose
when amino acids are wasted, what happens to the amine group?
- circulates in the blood as ammonia (NH3)
-liver changes it to urea - filtered out by the kidneys (stressed the kidneys if done in excess)
when proteins/calories are inadequate, amino acids are changed to what and stored as fat?
why does too much protein stress the kidneys?
since it’s filtering our the urea
in what type of situation would too much protein cause toxic ammonia to build up in the blood?
if the liver is compromised
what does the body use protein for?
-enzymes
-cartilage
-bones
-structural support
-hormones
-immunity
-appetite control
-energy
-fluid balance
-connective tissue
-collagen
how does albumin in the blood regulate fluids?
it creates osmotic pressure to help hold fluid in the blood vessels
what happens when albumin is inadequate in the blood?
fluid seeps into tissues causing edema
what is edema?
wet tissues holding too much water
what is an example of positive nitrogen balance?
pregnant woman
what is an example of negative nitrogen balance?
people who have medical trauma ( burns )
