chapter 4 Flashcards
what are the polysaccharides?
glycogen, starch, fiber
what are the disaccharides
maltose - glucose + glucose
sucrose - glucose + fructose
lactose - glucose + galactose
what are the differences between polysaccharides and disaccharides?
disaccharides are are much smaller than polysaccharides
what are the differences between the polysaccharides?
-starch is found in plants (in both healthy and unhealthy food) long chains of glucose
-glycogen is found in the body, has limited storage capacity, liver and muscle cells. long chains of starch
-fiber is long chains of glucose, digestive enzymes can’t break the bonds
which for of carbs delivers energy to the cells in a form that can be used immediately?
glucose
which of the following animal foods have carbs? milk, icecream, cheese, chicken, fish
only milk, ice cream, and cheese
what type of carbs are in the animal food that have carbs?
lactose
which animal foods have fiber?
NONE
how much fiber is recomended for cancer prevention?
40-45 g
what is the minimum carbs for brain function?
130 g
what is the recommended sugar limit for added sugar?
women = 25 g/day
men = 36 g/day
what are some consequnces of sugar?
compomised immune system, skin aging, heart attack/stroke
what are some other names of sugar that may show up on a food label?
honey, fructose, rice syrup, brown sugar, corn syrup
are any other forms of sugar better for you?
no
what increases the risk that sugar will cause tooth decay?
-frequency of eating
-stickiness of food
-length of time on the teeth
why would someone who is trying to lose weight avoid artificial sweeteners?
increases appetite, dysbiosis, feeds sugar cravings, weight gain
what are the affects of naturally occurring fructose and processed fructose?
processes fructose causes increases appetite, obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, high trigylcerides, and inflammation
naturally occurring fructose causes none of those things
difference between lactose intolerance and milk alergy
lactose intolerance is the reaction to CARBS in milk, while milk allergy is reaction to PROTEIN in milk
which is life threatening: lactose intolerance or a milk allergy?
neither of them are life threatening, but a milk allergy can be life threatening
what are the symptoms of lactose intolerance and milk allergy?
lactose intolerance - bloating, nausea, cramps, gas, diarrhea
milk allergy - hives, trachea swelling (can’t breathe)
why do people get more estrogen in milk now compared to a generation ago?
cow’s are now modified to produce milk while they are pregnant, so the cows have 30% higher estrogen levels which comes out in the milk
what problems could be caused by sex hormones found in cows milk?
prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, reduced sperm count, early maturation
what other problems have been linked to cow’s milk?
acne, Parkinson’s disease, type 1 diabetes
