chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

digestion

A

breaking food down to units that can be absorbed (take apart)

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2
Q

absorption

A

pulls nutrients out of the GI tract to be out in cells (pull in)

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3
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physically breaking food down into smaller pieces

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4
Q

examples of mechanical digestion

A

chewing, peristalsis, segmentation

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5
Q

chemical digestion

A

breaking down chemical bonds

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6
Q

examples of chemical digestion

A

amylase (break down starch into glucose) proteases (break down protein to amino acids

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7
Q

pH

A

pH of mouth is neutral
pH of esophogaus is neutral
pH of stomach is acidic
pH of intestine is neutral

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8
Q

mechanical digestion in the mouth

A

chewing, mixing with saliva, swalloing

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9
Q

mechanical digestion in the esophagus

A

peristalsis to get food to the stomach, relaxes to let food in, closes to prevent the back-flow of acidic stomach contents.

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10
Q

mechanical digestion in the stomach

A

segmentation (creates smaller particles); mixes food with digestive enzymes (creates chyme)

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11
Q

mechanical digestion in the intestine

A

absoption of nutrients, peristalsis, segmentation

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12
Q

chemical digestion in the mouth

A

carbohydrates (amylase)

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13
Q

chemical digestion in the stomach

A

pepsin (breaks down protein)

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14
Q

chemical digestion in the small intestine

A

proteases and pancreatic amylase

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15
Q

where does most digestion occur?

A

in the small intestine

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16
Q

peristalsis

A

wave like contractions that move food through the digestive system

17
Q

segmentation

A

squeezing motion the mixes intestines contents

18
Q

enzyme

A

a catalyst for chemical reactions

19
Q

digestive enzyme

A

tools that break down our food into units that we are able to absorb

20
Q

chyme

A

partly digested food mixes with digestive enzymes

21
Q

what makes the stomach contents strongly acidic

A

HCL (hydrochloric acid)

22
Q

what two things does HCL do to help protein digestion in the stomach

A

denatures protein, activates pepsin

23
Q

what protects the stomach lining from the acid?

24
Q

where is bile made?

25
where is bile stores until needed?
the gall bladder
26
where is bile used?
the intestine
27
what does bile do in the intestine?
emulsifies fat
28
what does emulsifies fat mean?
mix fat with water, breaks it down into smaller pieces
29
where are all nutrients absorbed from?
small intestines
30
are carbs absorbed to the blood or lymph?
blood
31
is protein absorbed to the blood or lymph?
blood
32
is fat absorbed to the blood or lmyph?
lymph
33
what changes the pH of the small intenstine?
bicarbonate ions
34
where are bicarbonate ions produced?
the pancreas
35
where does fat digestion begin? with what enzyme? where is that enzyme made?
the small intestine, with lipase made in the pancreas
36
where does carb digestion begin? with what enzyme? where is that enzyme made? where is digestion continued? with what enzyme? where is that enzyme made?
mouth salivary amylase mouth/salivary glands small intestine pancreatic amylase pancreas
37
where does protein digestion begin? with what enzyme? where is that enzyme made? where is digestion continued? with what enzyme? where is that enzyme made?
stomach pepsin stomach small intestine proteases pancreas