chapter 3 Flashcards
digestion
breaking food down to units that can be absorbed (take apart)
absorption
pulls nutrients out of the GI tract to be out in cells (pull in)
mechanical digestion
physically breaking food down into smaller pieces
examples of mechanical digestion
chewing, peristalsis, segmentation
chemical digestion
breaking down chemical bonds
examples of chemical digestion
amylase (break down starch into glucose) proteases (break down protein to amino acids
pH
pH of mouth is neutral
pH of esophogaus is neutral
pH of stomach is acidic
pH of intestine is neutral
mechanical digestion in the mouth
chewing, mixing with saliva, swalloing
mechanical digestion in the esophagus
peristalsis to get food to the stomach, relaxes to let food in, closes to prevent the back-flow of acidic stomach contents.
mechanical digestion in the stomach
segmentation (creates smaller particles); mixes food with digestive enzymes (creates chyme)
mechanical digestion in the intestine
absoption of nutrients, peristalsis, segmentation
chemical digestion in the mouth
carbohydrates (amylase)
chemical digestion in the stomach
pepsin (breaks down protein)
chemical digestion in the small intestine
proteases and pancreatic amylase
where does most digestion occur?
in the small intestine
peristalsis
wave like contractions that move food through the digestive system
segmentation
squeezing motion the mixes intestines contents
enzyme
a catalyst for chemical reactions
digestive enzyme
tools that break down our food into units that we are able to absorb
chyme
partly digested food mixes with digestive enzymes
what makes the stomach contents strongly acidic
HCL (hydrochloric acid)
what two things does HCL do to help protein digestion in the stomach
denatures protein, activates pepsin
what protects the stomach lining from the acid?
mucus
where is bile made?
liver
where is bile stores until needed?
the gall bladder
where is bile used?
the intestine
what does bile do in the intestine?
emulsifies fat
what does emulsifies fat mean?
mix fat with water, breaks it down into smaller pieces
where are all nutrients absorbed from?
small intestines
are carbs absorbed to the blood or lymph?
blood
is protein absorbed to the blood or lymph?
blood
is fat absorbed to the blood or lmyph?
lymph
what changes the pH of the small intenstine?
bicarbonate ions
where are bicarbonate ions produced?
the pancreas
where does fat digestion begin?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?
the small intestine,
with lipase
made in the pancreas
where does carb digestion begin?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?
where is digestion continued?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?
mouth
salivary amylase
mouth/salivary glands
small intestine
pancreatic amylase
pancreas
where does protein digestion begin?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?
where is digestion continued?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?
stomach
pepsin
stomach
small intestine
proteases
pancreas
