chapter 5 part 3

Question 1

polyunsaturated fats are what state at room temperature?

Answer 1

liquid

Question 1

what are some healthy sources of unprocessed polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 1

avocados and nuts

Question 2

omega three fatty acid is also called what?

Answer 2

alpha-lenolenic acid

Question 3

omega 6 fatty acid is also called what?

Answer 3

linoleic acid

Question 4

is omega 3 plentiful or rare in the diet?

Answer 4

rare

Question 5

is omega 6 plentiful or rare in the diet?

Answer 5

plentiful

Question 6

is omega 3 pro or anti inflammatory?

Answer 6

anti

Question 7

is omega 6 pro or anti inflammatory?

Answer 7

pro

Question 8

what are some omega 3 food sources?

Answer 8

flax seeds, chia seeds, walnut, canola oil, fish

Question 9

what are some omega 6 food sources?

Answer 9

oils

Question 10

what are some health concerns of fish consumption?

Answer 10

contaminated with mercury and PCB’s dioxin, may increase risk for breast cancer, high in cholesterol

Question 11

what benefit was found in those who eat flax?

Answer 11

their blood pressure went down

Question 12

how much flax per day did they eat to get this benefit?

Answer 12

1/4 cup

Question 13

how long did the flax-PAD study last?

Answer 13

6 months

Question 14

how does the liver contribute to lipid digestion?

Answer 14

creates bile

Question 15

how does the gall bladder contribute to lipid digestion?

Answer 15

stores and concentrates bile

Question 16

how does the pancreas contribute to lipid digestion?

Answer 16

males lipase

Question 17

what is the bile used for?

Answer 17

emulsifying fat

Question 18

how is the bile related to blood cholesterol?

Answer 18

fiber traps cholesterol (in bile) and flushes it our

Question 19

where does most of the lipid digestion occur?

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

where does most of the digested lipid get absorbed? (blood or lymph)

Answer 20

lymph

Question 21

what is a lipoprotein?

Answer 21

a fat carrying package that travels in the blood or lymph

Question 22

where is chylomicrons made?
what is the primary component of chylomicrons?
what does it deliver?
where does it deliver to?

Answer 22

-small intestine
-triglycerides
-fat
-the cells

Question 23

where is VLDR made?
what is the primary component of VLDR?
what does it deliver?
where does it deliver to?

Answer 23

-liver
-triglycerides
-fat
-cells

Question 24

where is LDL made? what is the primary component of LDL? what does it deliver? where does it deliver to?

Answer 24

-bloodstream -cholesterol -deliver cholesterol to cells -cells

Question 25

where is HDL made? what is the primary component of HDL? what does it deliver? where does it deliver to?

Answer 25

-liver -protein -cholesterol -liver

Question 26

what are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 26

chest discomfort upper body discomfort shortness of breath cold sweats nausea light-headedness

Question 27

describe the development and progression of heart disease.

Answer 27

1. arterial injury and inflammation 2. lipids begin accumulating in wall 3. fatty streaks 4. plaque 5. plaque ruptures 6. blood clot 7. clot grows 8. stops blood flow to heart

Question 28

what age does heart disease begin in americans?

Answer 28

5-10

Question 29

what is the normal blood cholesterol level

Answer 29

200

Question 30

why is a cholesterol level of 200 truly too high?

Answer 30

average cholesterol of people who have had heart attacks is 209 -average cholsterol of people in places where heart disease is rare is under 150

Question 31

what is the lifestyle cure for reducing cholsterol?

Answer 31

1. eat less saturated fat (animal foods, tropical oils, oils that are solid at room temp) 2. eat less cholesterol 3. eat a low-fat plant based diet. 4. lost extra weight 5. eat more soluble fiber (oats, beans, fruits, vegetables) 6. eat more omega 3 fatty acids (flax seeds, chia seeds, walnuts, fish) 7. exercise 8. no smoking 9. no alchohol

Question 32

how could someone raise their HDL cholesterol?

Answer 32

-exercise -eat less trans fat (meat & dairy)

Question 33

what are the modifiable risks of heart disease?

Answer 33

high blood pressure, smoking, high blood cholesterol, inactivity, poor diet, low HDL, diabetes, overweight

Question 34

what is the number one risk factor for heart disease

Answer 34

high blood cholesterol