Chapter 6 (page 32)

Question 1

_________ are delivered to the proteins carriers of the ETC which form part of the
mitochondrial cristae membrane.

Answer 1

(H) atoms

Question 2

The (H) atoms are split in ______ and ________ . The electrons give off their load of energy in a series of steps to enable the cell to attach phosphate to ADP and make ATP. The result of the chemical process is water and large amounts of ATP.

Answer 2

H ions

electrons

Question 3

_________ is the major fuel for making ATP therefore homeostasis of blood glucose levels is critically important.

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

High levels of blood glucose is known as:

Answer 4

hyperglycemia

Question 5

When blood glucose levels are too

low it is called:

Answer 5

hypoglycemia

Question 6

If there are high levels of blood glucose, some gets stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycemia. If levels are too high, it gets converted to fat. True or False:

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What the liver does when blood glucose levels are too low?

Answer 7

When blood glucose levels are too low the liver breaks down stored glycogen into glucose for cell use.

Question 8

_______ is a direct source of energy for cellular work.

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

What is ATP stands for?

Answer 9

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 10

what is ATP?

Answer 10

ATP is made up of an adenosine group and three phosphate groups. It is able to store high amounts of energy bonds that hold the phosphate groups together. Phosphate groups break apart resulting in ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and free the phosphate. The energy that is released (the high-energy bonds) do cellular work. Then the ADP and Phosphates are reunited by energy (produced by carbohydrate catabolism) resulting in another ATP molecule, therefore ATP is
reusable.

Question 11

How does energy transferred to ATP molecules is different from energy stored in food molecules?

Answer 11

i) Energy in ATP molecules is not stored but released and can directly do cellular work.
ii) Release of energy from food molecules occurs more slowly due to chemical reactions of catabolism. This energy can not be used directly for cellular work, it must be transferred
to ATP molecules and then released from them.

Question 12

what will happen if the fats are not needed for catabolism?

Answer 12

The fats are formed into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 13

This happens when a person goes without food for many hours.

Answer 13

Fats are converted into glucose that enters the citric acid cycle.

Question 14

What organ handles most of the fat metabolism that occur in the body.

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

For fat products to be used for ATP synthesis they must first be broken down to __________ .

Answer 15

acetic acid

Question 16

In the mitochondria the acetic acid is broken down which forms ______, _____ and _____ .

Answer 16

CO2
H2O
ATP

Question 17

When there is not enough glucose to fuel cells, What to be used to produce ATP.?

Answer 17

Fats

Question 18

This causes the blood to become acidic which can

cause a fruity odour to the breath (Ketosis).

Answer 18

Because fat metabolism can be fast, it can be incomplete and can lead to the accumulation of acetoacetid acid and acetone in the blood.

Question 19

Proteins is composed by:

Answer 19

Amino Acids

Question 20

Proteins are usually used for energy. True or False?

Answer 20

False:
Proteins are usually not used for energy.
Proteins are only used for energy when there is an overabundant or there are no carbohydrates or fats
available.