Chapter 2 (page 10)

Question 1

_______________ are macrophages in the liver and alveolar cells in the lungs. They are fixed macrophages and are permanent residents of these particular organs.

Answer 1

Kupffer cells

Question 2

Most abundant type of WBC They are also phagocytic when they encounter infectious material

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

Weak phagocytes but defend the body against parasitic worms.

Answer 3

Eosinophils

Question 4

_____________ are unique group of defensive cells that can kill cancer cells and virus infected body cells before immune system is activated. They are also called ___________ . They differ from lymphocytes in that they can target any foreign cell.

Answer 4

Natural killer cells

null cells

Question 5

These cells are not antigen specific. They are not phagocytes. They attack the foreign cell membrane instead.

Answer 5

Natural killer cells

Question 6

It consist of Inflammatory response, complement proteins and interferon:

Answer 6

Antimicrobial chemicals

Question 7

What are the signs of inflammation?

Answer 7

heat
pain
redness
swelling
impairment of function

Question 8

Set of non-specific responses that often occur in the body.

Answer 8

Inflammatory response

Question 9

__________ cause tissue damage, which triggers a release from a variety of immune cells. This release (mediators) produces all signs of inflammation.

Answer 9

Bacteria

Question 10

It prevents the spread of damaging agents to nearby tissue. It also disposes cell debris and pathogens and sets the stage for the repair process.

Answer 10

Inflammation

Question 11

____________ is movement of small organisms and single cells in response to chemical signals in the surrounding environment. This plays a role in a number of biological processes, from fertilization to fighting infections

Answer 11

Chemotaxis

Question 12

It is a group of about 20 different plasma proteins found in the blood in an inactive state.

Answer 12

Complement proteins

Question 13

What will happen when complement fixation occurs (complement proteins bind to certain sugars/proteins (like antibodies) on the surface of a foreign cell’s surface).

Answer 13

the complement causes lysis of foreign

cells and enhances phagocytosis and inflammation.

Question 14

Is it true that one result of the complement fixation is the formation of membrane attack complexes that produce holes in the foreign cell’s surface, which allows water into the cell causing it to burst. The complement enhances the effects of both non-specific and specific defenses.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

What are some other effects of complement fixation?

Answer 15

When stimulated by one of several triggers, proteases in the system cleave specific proteins to release cytokines and initiate an amplifying cascade of further cleavages. The end-result of this activation cascade is massive amplification of the response and activation of the cell-killing membrane attack complex.