Chapter 5 (page 25)

Question 1

Organs that can affect the pH levels in the body.

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

More acids than base usually enters the blood

therefore:

Answer 2

more acids than bases are usually excreted by the blood.

Question 3

What is the pH of urine?

Answer 3

Acidic

Question 4

What tubules of the Kidneys rid the blood of excess acid and at the same time conserve the base in the blood?

Answer 4

Distal tubules

Question 5

CO2 leaves the blood and enters __________ . Inside these cells, CO2 forms __________ . Some carbonic acid dissociates to yield _________ and ___________ .

Answer 5

Kidney tubule cells
carbonic acid
hydrogen ions
bicarbonate ions

Question 6

What ions diffuse out of tubular cells into urine, then replace sodium ions in salt to form another salt, which leaves the body in the urine?

Answer 6

hydrogen Ions

Question 7

What happened to sodium after displaced by the hydrogen ions?

Answer 7

Sodium leaves the urine and enters the tubular cells. It then combines with bicarbonate ions to form sodium bicarbonate (which is reabsorbed
into the blood).

Question 8

Two kinds of pH or acid-base imbalances.

Answer 8

Acidosis and Alkalosis

Question 9

The blood pH falls as the Hydrogen ion concentration increases. pH falls below 7.35.

Answer 9

Acidosis

Question 10

What is Alkalosis?

Answer 10

Alkalosis - The blood pH is higher than normal. pH rises above 7.45.

Question 11

These acid-base balance disturbances can be considered ________ upon the ratio of carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonate present in the blood.

Answer 11

dependent

Question 12

Normal Ratio between Sodium bicarbonate and Carbonic acid.

Answer 12

20:1 ( 20 - Sodium bicarbonate )

( 1 - Carbonic acid )

Question 13

Sodium bicarbonate blood levels are regulated by what organs?

Answer 13

Kidneys

Question 14

Carbonic acid levels are regulated by the what system?

Answer 14

Respiratory system.

Question 15

Disturbances that affects the Bicarbonate element of the buffer pair.

Answer 15

Metabolic disturbances

Question 16

Metabolic acidosis is also known as:

Answer 16

bicarbonate deficit

Question 17

Metabolic disturbances can lead to two conditions:

Answer 17

Metabolic Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 18

Conditions that may lead to Metabolic Acidosis:

Answer 18

Patient suffers from renal disease
Prolonged diarrhea
May be caused by ingesting toxic chemicals

Question 19

It is a condition that may results from diuretic therapy and Cushing’s syndrome.

Answer 19

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 20

Disturbances that affects the Carbonic acid element of the buffer pair.

Answer 20

Respiratory disturbances

Question 21

Respiratory disturbances can lead to two conditions:

Answer 21

Respiratory Acidosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 22

It is also known as Metabolic Alkalosis:

Answer 22

Bicarbonate Excess

Question 23

Condition Caused by slow breathing and increase in CO2 in arterial blood

Answer 23

Respiratory acidosis (Carbonic acid excess)

Question 24

Condition that may lead to Respiratory alkalosis.

Answer 24

Hyperventilation leads to carbonic acid deficit caused by excessive loss of CO2 in expired air.

Question 25

Respiratory alkalosis is also known as:

Answer 25

carbonic acid deficit