Chapter 6 (page 31) Flashcards
_________ are mostly composed of glucose. The body uses it as fuel to produce cellular energy.
Carbohydrates
Human cells use ________ (preferably) for energy.
glucose
What is the major breakdown product of carbohydrates digestion?
Glucose (blood sugar)
___________ - Chemical reaction that releases energy from food molecules.
Catabolism
GLUCOSE ANABOLISM is also known as:
GLYCOGENESIS
_______________ Is a chemical reaction that builds food
molecules into more complex chemical compounds. It is carried on chiefly by the ______ and ___________.
Glucose Anabolism
liver
muscle cells
Anabolism consists of a series of reactions that join glucose molecules together to form: _______________.
glycogen (animal starch).
Several hormones help regulate carbohydrate metabolism. These hormones that help regulate
normal glucose levels are:
Insulin Growth hormone Adrenal Hydrocortisone Epinephrine Glucagon
Where is the Growth hormone secreted?
Anterior pituitary gland
This Hormones increases blood glucose levels. Except:
Insulin Growth hormone Adrenal Hydrocortisone Epinephrine Glucagon
Insulin
________ - secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels.
Insulin
Where is the Growth hormone secreted?
Anterior pituitary gland
What hormone is secreted by the Adrenal Medulla?
Epinephrine
This hormones is secreted by the Pancreatic islets:
Glucagon
_________ - secreted by the adrenal cortex. Increases blood glucose levels.
Adrenal Hydrocortisone
Three reactions occur that make up the process of Carbohydrate (Glucose) Catabolism:
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
Electron Transport System
Series of ___________ that change glucose to ___________ molecules (3 carbon atoms each) which takes place in the _____________ .
10 chemical steps
two pyruvic acid
cytoplasm of cells
What is anaerobic process?
A process that does not require oxygen but can occur whether or not oxygen is present
This chemical reaction of Glycolysis releases energy stored in the glucose molecule in the form of _____________ and ______.
energy electrons
heat
__________ - Series of 10 chemical steps that change glucose to two pyruvic acid molecules (3 carbon atoms each) which takes place in the cytoplasm of cells.
Glycolysis
_____________– one of pyruvic acid’s carbons is removed and released as C02, which diffuses out of the cell.
Decarboxylation
What is Oxidation?
removal of hydrogen atoms.
The resulting __________ combines with ________ ( acetyle CoA) which enters the ___________ .
acetic acid
Coenzyme A
Kreb’s cycle
Occurs in the Mitochondria of cells.
Electron Transport System
Electron Transport System takes some of the energy released from glucose molecules ( _____________ and ____________ ) and transfers it to help in ATP production . _____________ removed during the first two metabolic phases are loaded with energy.
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Hydrogen (H) atoms
