Chapter 6 (page 31)

Question 1

_________ are mostly composed of glucose. The body uses it as fuel to produce cellular energy.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Human cells use ________ (preferably) for energy.

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

What is the major breakdown product of carbohydrates digestion?

Answer 3

Glucose (blood sugar)

Question 4

___________ - Chemical reaction that releases energy from food molecules.

Answer 4

Catabolism

Question 5

GLUCOSE ANABOLISM is also known as:

Answer 5

GLYCOGENESIS

Question 6

_______________ Is a chemical reaction that builds food

molecules into more complex chemical compounds. It is carried on chiefly by the ______ and ___________.

Answer 6

Glucose Anabolism
liver
muscle cells

Question 7

Anabolism consists of a series of reactions that join glucose molecules together to form: _______________.

Answer 7

glycogen (animal starch).

Question 8

Several hormones help regulate carbohydrate metabolism. These hormones that help regulate
normal glucose levels are:

Answer 8

Insulin 
Growth hormone 
Adrenal Hydrocortisone 
Epinephrine
Glucagon

Question 9

Where is the Growth hormone secreted?

Answer 9

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 10

This Hormones increases blood glucose levels. Except:

Insulin 
Growth hormone
Adrenal Hydrocortisone 
Epinephrine 
Glucagon

Answer 10

Insulin

Question 11

________ - secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels.

Answer 11

Insulin

Question 12

Where is the Growth hormone secreted?

Answer 12

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 13

What hormone is secreted by the Adrenal Medulla?

Answer 13

Epinephrine

Question 14

This hormones is secreted by the Pancreatic islets:

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

_________ - secreted by the adrenal cortex. Increases blood glucose levels.

Answer 15

Adrenal Hydrocortisone

Question 16

Three reactions occur that make up the process of Carbohydrate (Glucose) Catabolism:

Answer 16

Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
Electron Transport System

Question 17

Series of ___________ that change glucose to ___________ molecules (3 carbon atoms each) which takes place in the _____________ .

Answer 17

10 chemical steps
two pyruvic acid
cytoplasm of cells

Question 18

What is anaerobic process?

Answer 18

A process that does not require oxygen but can occur whether or not oxygen is present

Question 19

This chemical reaction of Glycolysis releases energy stored in the glucose molecule in the form of _____________ and ______.

Answer 19

energy electrons

heat

Question 20

__________ - Series of 10 chemical steps that change glucose to two pyruvic acid molecules (3 carbon atoms each) which takes place in the cytoplasm of cells.

Answer 20

Glycolysis

Question 21

_____________– one of pyruvic acid’s carbons is removed and released as C02, which diffuses out of the cell.

Answer 21

Decarboxylation

Question 22

What is Oxidation?

Answer 22

removal of hydrogen atoms.

Question 23

The resulting __________ combines with ________ ( acetyle CoA) which enters the ___________ .

Answer 23

acetic acid
Coenzyme A
Kreb’s cycle

Question 24

Occurs in the Mitochondria of cells.

Answer 24

Electron Transport System

Question 25

Electron Transport System takes some of the energy released from glucose molecules ( _____________ and ____________ ) and transfers it to help in ATP production . _____________ removed during the first two metabolic phases are loaded with energy.

Answer 25

Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Hydrogen (H) atoms