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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is passive transport?

A
  • does not require energy

- simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and dialysis

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2
Q

What is diffusion?

A

-tendency of small particles to spread out evenly within any given space

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3
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

-when molecules can pass directly through the membrane

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4
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

-when molecules move through transport proteins embedded in a cell membrane

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5
Q

What is channel mediated passive transport?

A

-pores in the plasma membrane through which water molecules, specific ions, or other small molecules can pass

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6
Q

What is carrier mediated passive transport?

A

-molecules move down their concentration gradient by the use of carriers that bind to the solute and change the shape

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7
Q

What is osmosis?

A

-diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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8
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

-water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis

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9
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

-same osmotic pressure as a cell

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10
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

-has a higher concentration pf impermeant solutes than a cell

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11
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

-has a lower concentration of impermeant solutes than a cell

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12
Q

How would each of these solutions affect a cell if a cell were placed inside?

A
  • iso: nothing
  • hyper: shrivel
  • hypo: explode
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13
Q

What is dialysis?

A

-a form of diffusion in which a selectively permeable nature of a membrane cause separation of smaller solute particles from larger solute particles

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14
Q

What is active transport?

A
  • requires energy

- transport by pump or vesicle

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15
Q

Why does active transport require energy?

Hint: concentration gradients

A

-because the particles are forced across the membrane to a higher concentrated area

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16
Q

What are the two ways we can have active transport?

A
  • transport by pumps

- transport by vesicles

17
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

-brings stuff into a cell

18
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

-receptors in the plasma membrane bind to specific molecules

19
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

-large particles are engulfed and broken down by lysosomes

20
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

-fluid is engulfed by the cell

21
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

-large molecules can leave the cell via vesicles from the golgi body

22
Q

What is metabolism?

A

-all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

23
Q

What is a metabolic pathway?

A

-different kinds of chemical reactions that occur in a sequence

24
Q

What is catabolism?

A

-breaks down molecules

25
Q

What is anabolism?

A

-builds up molecules

26
Q

What are enzymes and what are their functions?

A
  • allow reactions to occur

- involved in the reaction but not changed by it

27
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

a chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

28
Q

What are enzymes usually made of?

A

-usually tertiary or quaternary proteins

29
Q

What is an allosteric effector and what are some examples?

A
  • physical or chemical agents that activate or inhibit enzymatic activity by changing the shape of enzyme molecules
  • temp, pH, cofactors
30
Q

What is cellular respiration and its purpose?

A
  • the process by which cells break down glucose or one of its simpler products into CO2 and water
  • releases energy
31
Q

What are the three phases of cellular respiration?

A
  • glycolysis
  • citric acid cycle
  • electron transport system
32
Q

What is glycolysis?

A
  • pathway in which glucose is broken apart into two pyruvic acid molecules
  • occurs in the cytosol
33
Q

What is the product of glycolysis?

A

-yields a small amount of energy

34
Q

What is the citric acid cycle?

A
  • 2 pyruvates are converted to acetyl coenzyme A to enter the cycle
  • occurs in the inner chamber of the mitochondria
35
Q

What is the product of the citric acid cycle?

A

-broken down to yield waste CO2 and energy

36
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A
  • pumps hydrogen ions through the inner membrane
  • H ions don’t like the concentration so they go back inside
  • occurs in the mitochondria
37
Q

What is the product of the electron transport chain?

A

-32-34 ATP

38
Q

What is the overall net production of ATP?

A

-36-38 ATP

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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