Chapter 13 Flashcards
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
- appendages
- the girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton
What is a girdle?
-the point of attachment to the axial skeleton
What makes up the shoulder girdle?
- clavicle
- scapula
What makes up the pelvic girdle?
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
How many bones make up the upper limb?
- 32 total bones
- 19 of the 32 are hand bones
What is the clavicle’s shape?
-s shaped
What does the clavicle articulate with?
- Manubrium
- acromion of the scapula
What are the joints associated with the clavicle?
- sternoclavicular joint
- acrominoclavicular joint
Is the clavicle easy or hard to break? Why?
- easy
- it’s shape
How does someone break the clavicle?
-they land stretched out and the force is generated through the arm
What kind of bone is the scapula?
-flat bone
What is special about the humerus?
-it is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb
Where does the brachia tendon sit?
-in the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Describe the ulna.
- longer forearm bone
- medial side
What is interesting about the ulna?
-it does not articulate with any of the carpals
What is carpal tunnel?
-space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum (connective tissue overlying carpals
How many carpals are there?
-8
How many metacarpals are there?
-5
How many phalanges are there? Per finger?
- 14 total
- 2 in the thumb
- 3 in every other finger
What is the thumb called?
-pollux
What are the joints in the phalanges?
- carpometacarpal
- metacarpophalangeal
- interphalangeal
What are the differences between male and female pelves?
- female: wider and shallower
- male: smaller inlet and deeper
What does the femur articulate with?
-articulates with the patella
What kind of bone is the patella? What tendon is it formed in? Joint?
- sesamoid bone
- quadriceps tendon
- forms patellofemoral joint
What is the function of the patella?
-increases the leverage of the quadrieps femoris muscle
What is chondromalacia patellae? Found?
- degeneration of the articular surface of the patella
- commonly found in young athletes
What does the tibia articulate with?
- fibula
- talus of the ankle
What does the fibula articulate with?
-tibia
-talus of the ankle
(non-weight bearing)
How many metatarsals are there?
-5
How many phalanges are in each toe? Total?
- big toe has 2
- every other toe has 3
- 14 total
What is the big toe called?
-hallux
What are the arches of the foot?
- transverse arch
- longitudinal arch
What is flat foot?
-a foot when the arches fall
What is cavus foot?
-a foot with too much arch
