Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the integumentary system?

A
  • skin

- appendages: hair, nails, and skin glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of membrane is skin?

A

-cutaneous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two layers of the skin?

A
  • epidermis

- dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the cells that make up the epidermis?

A
  • keratinocytes
  • melanocytes
  • dendritic (Langerhans) cells
  • tactile (Merkel) cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the cells of the epidermis?

A
  • keratinocytes: produce keratin, 90% of cells
  • melanocytes: make colored pigment, decreases UV light penetration
  • dendritic (Langerhans) cells: find bacteria and phagocytose them; immune response
  • tactile (Merkel) cells: serve as light touch receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

-Come Let’s Get Sexy Boys

A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Granulosm
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Stratum Corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Stratum Basale.

A
  • base layer
  • single layer of columnar cells
  • growth layer: only one to undergo mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the Stratum Spinosum.

A
  • spiny layer

- irregularly shaped cells with bridges (desmosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Stratum Granulosm.

A
  • granular layer
  • where keratin starts to form in the cells
  • 2-4 cell layers thick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the Stratum Lucidum.

A
  • clear layer

- keratinocytes are very flat and closely packed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Stratum Corneum.

A
  • horny layer
  • most superficial
  • thin, squamous cells
  • barrier area of the skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which layers aren’t always present and why?

A
  • Stratum Lucidum: only found in thick skin, reduces friction
  • Stratum Granulosum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the epidermis grow and repair? How long does it take?

A
  • mitosis occurs in the stratum basale and the replacement keratinocytes push up through each layer
  • 35 day “turnover time” unless an abrasion occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the dermoepidermal junction?

A
  • the area between the dermis and the epidermis

- the partial barrier to the passage of the cells and large molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structures do you find in the dermis?

A
  • muscle fibers
  • hair follicles
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous glands
  • lymphatic vessels
  • blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two layers in the dermis?

A
  • Papillary Layer

- Reticular Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the reticular layer and what type of tissue is found there?

A
  • thick layer
  • dense irregular connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers)
  • contains hair follicles and glands and thousands of sensory receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the papillary layer and what type of tissue is found there?

A
  • thin layer
  • contains loose fibrous connective tissue (collagenous and elastic fibers)
  • dermal papillae are the bumps in the superficial layer of the dermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structures are anchored to the reticular layer?

A
  • skeletal muscle: in face and scalp

- smooth muscle: surrounding hair follicles (arrector pili)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the dermis grow and repair?

A
  • rapid regeneration of the connective tissue in the dermis
  • cutting parallel to the cleavage (collagenous) lines will leave a less noticeable scar
  • overstretching of elastic fibers cause them to weaken and tear causing stretch marks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

-connection between skin and underlying body structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is the hypodermis part of the integument?

A

-subcutaneous layer (not the skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of tissue is found in the hypodermis?

A

-mostly loose fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue

24
Q

What are other structures found in the hypodermis?

A

-some nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

25
Q

How is the hypodermis clinically important?

A

-great site for rapid and pain-free absorption and injections

26
Q

What is melanin?

A

-the pigment that controls skin color

27
Q

What produces melanin?

A

-melanocytes

28
Q

What are the two types of melanin?

A
  • Eumelanin: true black color

- Pheomelanin: dusky black color

29
Q

How can skin color change temporarily?

A
  • sunlight ex. sunburn or tan
  • hemoglobin ex. red color
  • flushed or pale controlled by dilation or constriction
  • cyanotic ex. blue color because of lack of oxygen in blood
30
Q

What is bruising?

A
  • damage to blood vessels in the skin
  • red blood cells are released: turn from bright red to maroon (hemoglobin)
  • as the hemoglobin is broken down it turns brown, green, or yellow
31
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

-Hi, Please Say Good Examples of Some Times In America.

A
  • Homeostasis
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Growth
  • Excretion
  • Synthesis of important chemicals and hormones
  • Temperature regulation
  • Immunity
  • Absorption of important substances
32
Q

How does the skin provide homeostasis? Example

A

-produces hormones: any chemical substance produced in one body area and is transported to another location by blood

33
Q

How does the skin provide protection? Example

A
  • keratinized stratified squamous epithelium acts as a barrier
  • melanin protects from UV light
  • protects against dehydration
  • secretes a surface film to act against toxins
34
Q

How does the skin provide sensation? Example

A
  • contains millions of somatic sensory receptors
  • detect pressure, touch, temp, pain, and vibration
  • allows our body to respond to changes
35
Q

How does the skin provide growth? Example

A
  • the skin grows as we grow

- can stretch and recoil to prevent tearing

36
Q

How does the skin provide excretion? Example

A
  • the skin contains glands that secrete substances

- sweat(apocrine and eccrine) and sebaceous

37
Q

How does the skin provide synthesis of important chemicals and hormones? Example

A

-produces vitamin D which will influence other important chemical reactions

38
Q

How does the skin provide immunity? Example

A

-dendrites: recognize pathogenic organisms to trigger the immune response

39
Q

How does the skin provide absorption of important substances? Example

A

-through the hair and pass through the layers and into the blood

40
Q

How does the skin maintain heat homeostasis?

A
  • Vasoconstriction

- Vasodilation

41
Q

What are four ways that we can lose heat from the epidermis? Describe

A

-heat is lost by evaporation (sweat), radiation (transfers without contact), conduction (transfers with contact), or convection (something carries the heat away)

42
Q

What are the integument appendages?

A
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
43
Q

What are the functions of the hair?

A
  • protection
  • reduction of heat loss
  • sensing light touch
44
Q

What is the structure of the hair?

A
  • shaft: above the skin
  • root: penetrates into the dermis
  • epithelial root sheath
  • dermal root sheath
45
Q

What is a sebaceous gland?

A

-a gland that produces an oily substance into each hair follicle

46
Q

What are nails?

A

-heavily keratinized epidermal cells

47
Q

What is the structure of a nail?

A
  • nail body (visible part)
  • nail root (under the skin)
  • nail bed (right under nail body); contains blood vessels
48
Q

What is the clinical significance of the nails blood supply?

A

-cyanosis occurs here first

49
Q

What are the three different types of glands?

A
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous glands
  • ceruminous glands
50
Q

Describe the sweat glands.

A
  • eccrine: cool body by evaporation and eliminates small amounts of wastes
  • apocrine: in axillary and genital regions and secreted during emotional stress or excitement
51
Q

Describe sebaceous glands.

A
  • secrete oil for the hair and skin
  • antifungal effect
  • cause whiteheads and blackheads with oxidation
52
Q

Describe ceruminous glands.

A
  • modified sweat glands
  • in ear canal
  • produce cerumen, ear wax
  • prevents entry of foreign bodies
53
Q

How does the integument change with age?

A
  • wrinkles
  • dehydration
  • thin skin
  • less sweat
  • hair and nail production worsens
54
Q

What does the dermoepidermal junction have and what does it do?

A
  • Basement membrane

- includes special fibrous elements that cement the superficial epidermis to the dermis

55
Q

What does the dermis help do?

A

-it helps regulate body temperature

56
Q

What type of sensory information does the dermis detect?

A
  • pain
  • pressure
  • touch
  • temperature
57
Q

What does the surface film do?

A
  • antibacterial activity
  • lubrication
  • hydration
  • blockade of many toxic agents

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions