Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is the arrangement of organisms into groups based on similarities?
taxonomy
Who was the Swedish naturalist who devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification?
Carolus Linaeus
Who was an English clergyman who devoted much time to natural studies and became well known for his work with plants?
John Ray
What is defined by John Ray as a group of individuals derived from similar parents and themselves capable of reproducing their kind?
speices
What is one of the main groups into which all organisms are derived in the Linnaean system of classification?
kingdom
What is one of the main groups into which a kingdom is derived?
phylum
What is the level of taxonomy between phylum and order?
class
What is the level of classification between class and family?
order
What is the level of classification between order and genus?
family
What is the level of classification between family and species?
genus
What is the lowest level of the seven main levels of the Linnaean classification system?
species
What is a group of similar organisms that are all descendants from a single group of originally created organisms and may refer to a species, genus, or family?
kind
What is a system of assigning scientific names to organisms by using two words for each scientific name?
binomial nomenclature
What are the two words used in binomial nomenclature?
the genus and the species
What are organisms that have membrane-bound nuclei and membrane-bound organelles?
eukaryotes
What are organisms which don’t have membrane-bound nuclei?
prokaryotes
What are the six kingdoms into which living things are commonly divided today?
(1) Plantae, (2) Fungi, (3) Animalia, (4) Protista, (5) Eubacteria, (6) Archaebacteria
Which of the common six kingdoms has green plants and are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and usually perform photosynthesis?
Plantae
Which of the common six kingdoms is all fungi, including yeast, molds, and mushrooms and are multicellular eukaryotes that have cells walls and do not conduct photosynthesis?
Fungi
Which of the common six kingdoms consist of multicellular animals and are eukaryotes without cell walls; usually can move and collect food?
Animalia
Which of the six common kingdoms are eukaryotes that are not green plants, fungi, or multicellular animals; most unicellular organisms, such as amoeba, euglena, and paramecium?
Protista
Which of the six common kingdoms is true bacteria including common disease-causing bacteria; prokaryote with cell walls made of the substance peptidoglycan?
Eubacteria
Which of the six common kingdoms contain prokaryotes that do not contain peptidoglycan in their cells and have other key differences from true bacteria; many live in extreme temperatures?
Archaebacteria
What is any of the three larger group into which kingdoms are placed?
domain
What is the supposed evolutionary relationship or organisms?
phylogeny
What depicts all forms of life coming from a single lifeform?
phylogenic tree
What is the supposed relationship that comes from comparing organisms’ geneitc information?
molecular phylogeny
What are any of the plants that have vascular tissue?
vascular plants
What type of vascular plants includes angiosperms and gymnosperms?
seed plants
What type of vascular plants included ferns, mosses, and others?
nonseed plants
What are any of the plants that do not have vascular tissue?
nonvascular plants
What are plants that produce seeds but do not have vascular tissue?
gymnosperms